* 1629 – Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician ( d. 1695 )

In 1691 Gottfried Leibniz, Christiaan Huygens, and Johann Bernoulli derived the equation in response to a challenge by Jakob Bernoulli.

The mathematical description was derived in 1659 by Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens.

Augustin-Jean Fresnel did more definitive studies and calculations of diffraction, made public in 1815 and 1818, and thereby gave great support to the wave theory of light that had been advanced by Christiaan Huygens and reinvigorated by Young, against Newton's particle theory.

It was notable for containing the principles of the stereographic and the orthographic projections, and it inspired the works of Desargues and Christiaan Huygens.

* Christiaan Huygens 1629 – 1695 ( Netherlands )

Christiaan Huygens experimented with gunpowder in 1673 in an early attempt to build an internal combustion engine, but he did not succeed.

The Huygens – Fresnel principle ( named after Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens and French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel ) is a method of analysis applied to problems of wave propagation both in the far-field limit and in near-field diffraction.

* Christiaan Huygens

Christiaan Huygens, prior to Newton, had hypothesized that light was a wave propagating through an aether, but Newton rejected this idea.

In 1668, Wilkins proposed using Christopher Wren's suggestion of a pendulum with a half-period of one second to measure a standard length that Christiaan Huygens had observed to be 38 Rhineland or English inches ( 997mm ) in length.

* 1655 – Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christiaan Huygens.

There has been some debate about who the original inventor of the magic lantern is, but the most widely accepted theory is that Christiaan Huygens developed the original device in the late 1650s.

This phenomenon was first observed by Christiaan Huygens in 1665.

Christiaan Huygens published the first book on probability

Christiaan Huygens ( 1657 ) gave the earliest known scientific treatment of the subject.

File: Christiaan Huygens-painting. jpeg | Christiaan Huygens ( 1629-1695 ): studied the rings of Saturn and discovered its moon Titan, invented the pendulum clock, studied optics and centrifugal force, theorized that light consists of waves ( Huygens – Fresnel principle ) which became instrumental in the understanding of wave-particle duality.

From its invention in 1656 by Christiaan Huygens until the 1930s, the pendulum clock was the world's most precise timekeeper, accounting for its widespread use.

The pendulum clock was invented in 1656 by Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens, and patented the following year.

Optics, for instance, was revolutionized by people like Robert Hooke, Christiaan Huygens, René Descartes and, once again, Isaac Newton, who developed mathematical theories of light as either waves ( Huygens ) or particles ( Newton ).

* Christiaan Huygens writes the first book to be published on probability theory, De ratiociniis in ludo aleae (" On Reasoning in Games of Chance ").

In 1673, Christiaan Huygens published his theory of the pendulum, Horologium Oscillatorium sive de motu pendulorum.

Christiaan Huygens solved this problem in the 1650s and published it much later as a book.

The nebula was independently discovered by several other prominent astronomers in the following years, including, in 1656, Christiaan Huygens ( whose sketch was the first published, in 1659 ).

The first tables for the equation of time which accounted for its annual variations in an essentially correct way were published in 1665 by Christiaan Huygens.

* Christiaan Huygens, in his posthumously published book Kosmotheoros, argues that other planets in the solar system could contain extraterrestrial life, starting a debate that extends into the 21st century.

* Christiaan Huygens writes the first book to be published on probability theory, De ratiociniis in ludo aleae (" On Reasoning in Games of Chance ").

In 1673, 17 years after he invented the pendulum clock, Christiaan Huygens published his mathematical analysis of pendulums, Horologium Oscillatorium.

Augustin-Jean Fresnel did more definitive studies and calculations of diffraction, published in 1815 and 1818, and thereby gave great support to the wave theory of light that had been advanced by Christiaan Huygens and reinvigorated by Young, against Newton's particle theory.

" He wrote two books on the subject, one published in 1647 and the other in 1668, which cover some two or three thousand closely printed pages ; the fallacy in the quadrature was pointed out by Christiaan Huygens.

Drawing of one of his first balance springs, attached to a balance wheel, by Christiaan Huygens, inventor of the balance spring, published in his letter in the Journal des Sçavants of 25 February 1675.

At the time, such speculation was of a rather rarefied sort, and was limited to astronomers like Christiaan Huygens who wrote a book, Cosmotheoros ( 1698 ) considering the possibility of life on other planets ; or to philosophers like Campanella, who wrote in defense of Galileo.

* 1967 – At Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, a transplant team headed by Christiaan Barnard carries out the first heart transplant on a human ( 53-year-old Louis Washkansky ).

* Christiaan Andriessens uitzicht op de Amstel ( Christiaan Andriessen's view on the river Amstel ) ( 2009 ) for ensemble

In 1665 Christiaan Huygens suggested using the melting and boiling points of water as standards, and in 1694 Carlo Renaldini proposed using them as fixed points on a universal scale.

Christiaan Huygens was born in April 1629 at The Hague, the second son of Constantijn Huygens, ( 1596 – 1687 ), friend of mathematician, philosopher and minor physicist René Descartes, and of Suzanna van Baerle ( deceased 1637 ), whom Constantijn had married on 6 April 1627.

The first engagement of this new form of warfare was at Sanna's Post on 31 March where 1, 500 Boers under the command of Christiaan De Wet attacked Bloemfontein's waterworks about east of the city, and ambushed a heavily escorted convoy, which caused 155 British casualties and the capture of seven guns, 117 wagons, and 428 British troops.

A bitter dispute between Hooke and Christiaan Huygens on the priority of this invention was to continue for centuries after the death of both ; but a note dated 23 June 1670 in the Hooke Folio ( see External links below ), describing a demonstration of a balance-controlled watch before the Royal Society, has been held to favour Hooke's claim.

At the conclusion of the show, the Boer General Christiaan de Wet would escape on horseback by leaping from a height of into a pool of water.

For their ideas on derivatives, both Newton and Leibniz built on significant earlier work by mathematicians such as Isaac Barrow ( 1630 – 1677 ), René Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ), Christiaan Huygens ( 1629 – 1695 ), Blaise Pascal ( 1623 – 1662 ) and John Wallis ( 1616 – 1703 ).

Although mathematics was not part of his course work, de Moivre read several mathematical works on his own including Elements de mathematiques by Father Prestet and a short treatise on games of chance, De Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae, by Christiaan Huygens.

In 1673 Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens in his mathematical analysis of pendulums, Horologium Oscillatorium, showed that a real pendulum had the same period as a simple pendulum with a length equal to the distance between the pivot point and a point called the center of oscillation, which is located under the pendulum's center of gravity and depends on the mass distribution along the length of the pendulum.

The first success was achieved on December 3, 1967, by Christiaan Barnard in Cape Town, South Africa.

On the Boer side, the government was led by state president Martinus Theunis Steyn ( 1857 – 1916 ) until 30 May 1902, when he went on sick-leave and was replaced by general Christiaan de Wet as acting state president.

# Christiaan Huygens – Treatise on Light

Christiaan Eijkman was born on 11 August 1858, at Nijkerk, Netherlands as the seventh child of Christiaan Eijkman, the headmaster of a local school, and Johanna Alida Pool.

Nicolas Fatio presented the first formulation of his thoughts on gravitation in a letter to Christiaan Huygens in the spring of 1690.

< div class =" center "> P8: Signatures of Edmond Halley | Halley, Christiaan Huygens | Huygens and Isaac Newton | Newton on Fatio's manuscript </ div >

Running on the platform of self-determination and apartheid as it was termed for the first time, Prime Minister Daniel Malan and his party benefited from their support in the rural electorates, defeating General Jan Christiaan Smuts and his United Party.