Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier ( also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution ; 26 August 17438 May 1794 ; ), the " father of modern chemistry ," was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry and biology.

Lavoisier also did early research in physical chemistry and thermodynamics in joint experiments with Laplace.

Lavoisier also worked to translate the archaic and technical language of chemistry into something that could be easily understood by the largely uneducated masses, leading to an increased public interest in chemistry.

Lavoisier also formulated the law of Conservation of mass and discovered oxygen and hydrogen.

* 1794 – Branded a traitor during the Reign of Terror by revolutionists, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier, who was also a tax collector with the Ferme Générale, is tried, convicted, and guillotined all on the same day in Paris.

Joseph Priestley, for example, in referring to the reaction of steam on iron, whilst fully acknowledging that the iron gains weight as it binds with oxygen to form a calx, iron oxide, iron also loses “ the basis of inflammable air ( hydrogen ), and this is the substance or principle, to which we give the name phlogiston .” Following Lavoisier ’ s description of oxygen as the oxidizing principle ( hence the name oxygen: oxus

The person celebrated as the " father of modern chemistry " is Antoine Lavoisier ( 1743 – 1794 ) who developed his law of Conservation of mass in 1789, also called Lavoisier's Law.

Lavoisier, Laplace and Hess also investigated specific heat and latent heat, although it was Joseph Black who made the most important contributions to the development of latent energy changes.

* Smeaton, W. " Fourcroy, 1755-1809 ", Heffer & Sons, Cambridge, 1962, p. 58-Discusses reasonable evidence that Fourcroy not only saved several physicians / scientists but also that he tried to save Lavoisier at the cost of his own safety

Some of its matter recalls the discoveries made at the end of the eighteenth century, as those of Antoine Lavoisier and René Just Haüy, it also shows a correct understanding of fossils.

In effect, therefore, Mayow – who also gives a remarkably correct anatomical description of the mechanism of respiration – preceded Priestley and Lavoisier by a century in recognizing the existence of oxygen, under the guise of his " spiritus nitro-aereus ," as a separate entity distinct from the general mass of the air.

Despite all these advances, the person celebrated as the " father of modern chemistry " is Antoine Lavoisier who developed his law of conservation of mass in 1789, also called Lavoisier's Law.

French thinking also evolved greatly, thanks to major discoveries in in science by Newton, Watt, Volta, Leibniz, Buffon, Lavoisier, and Monge, among others, and their rapid diffusion throughout Europe through newspapers, journals, scientific societies, and theaters.

During his stay at Rostock, he became an early follower of the antiphlogistic theory of Lavoisier, teaching about the existence of oxygen instead of phlogiston.

She edited and published Lavoisier ’ s memoirs ( whether any English translations of those memoirs have survived is unknown as of today ) and hosted parties at which eminent scientists discussed ideas and problems related to chemistry.

Mesmer's ideas became so influential that King Louis XVI of France appointed two commissions to investigate mesmerism ; one was led by Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, the other, led by Benjamin Franklin, included Bailly and Lavoisier.

In reporting the results of his experiments, Lavoisier wrote, " Whenever one considers the most familiar objects, the simplest things, it's impossible not to be surprised to see how our ideas are vague and uncertain, and how, as a consequence, it is important to fix them by experiments and facts " ( author's translation ).

Pierre-Simon Laplace and Antoine Lavoisier, in their 1780 treatise on heat, arrived at values ranging from 1, 500 to 3, 000 below the freezing-point of water, and thought that in any case it must be at least 600 below.

In collaboration with Guettard, Lavoisier worked on a geological survey of Alsace-Lorraine in June 1767.

Engraving by Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze | Mme Lavoisier in the 1780s taken from Traité élémentaire de chimie ( Elementary treatise on chemistry )

In " Réflexions sur le phlogistique " (" Reflections on Phlogiston ," 1783 ), Lavoisier showed the phlogiston theory to be inconsistent.

Lavoisier conducting an experiment on respiration in the 1770s

The Law of Conservation of Mass resulted in the reformulation of chemistry based on this law and the oxygen theory of combustion, which was largely based on the work of Lavoisier.

The world ’ s first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782-83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat evolved in various chemical change s ; calculations which were based on Joseph Black ’ s prior discovery of latent heat.

In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier used a lens to concentrate the rays of the sun on a diamond in an atmosphere of oxygen, and showed that the only product of the combustion was carbon dioxide, proving that diamond is composed of carbon.

The world ’ s first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782-83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat evolved in various chemical change s ; calculations which were based on Joseph Black ’ s prior discovery of latent heat.

The world ’ s first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782-83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat evolved in various chemical change s ; calculations which were based on Joseph Black ’ s prior discovery of latent heat.

However, his first publication, A Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire, was not released until 1777, at which time both Joseph Priestley and Lavoisier had already published their experimental data and conclusions concerning oxygen and the phlogiston theory.

Other important figures guillotined on the site, often in front of cheering crowds, were Queen Marie Antoinette, Princess Élisabeth of France, Charlotte Corday, Madame du Barry, Georges Danton, Camille Desmoulins, Antoine Lavoisier, Maximilien Robespierre, Louis de Saint-Just and Olympe de Gouge.

One of the examples that Kuhn used was the change in the style of chemical investigation that followed the work of Lavoisier on atomic theory in the late 18th Century as an example of incommensurability.

He was the author of Science et philosophie ( 1886 ), which contains a well-known letter to Renan on " La Science idéale et la science positive ," of La Révolution chimique, Lavoisier ( 1890 ), of Science et morale ( 1897 ), and of numerous articles in La Grande Encyclopédie, which he helped to establish.

Fourcroy collaborated with Lavoisier, Guyton de Morveau, and Claude Berthollet on the Méthode de nomenclature chimique, a work that helped standardize chemical nomenclature.

The world ’ s first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782-83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat involved in various chemical change s ; calculations which were based on Joseph Black ’ s prior discovery of latent heat.

While Hales ’ work on the chemistry of air appears primitive by contemporary standards, its importance was acknowledged by Lavoisier, and Hales ’ invention of the pneumatic trough to collect gases over water was a major technical advance.

* Winter 1782-83-Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace begin to use the world ’ s first ice calorimeter to determine the heat evolved in various chemical changes ( calculations based on Joseph Black ’ s prior discovery of latent heat ), marking the foundation of thermochemistry.

The world ’ s first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782 – 83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat evolved in various chemical change s, calculations which were based on Joseph Black ’ s prior discovery of latent heat.

The fermiers-générals paid the price at the scaffold: 28 former members of the consortium were guillotined on 8 May 1794, including the " father of chemistry " Antoine Lavoisier, whose laboratory experiments had been supported from his administration of the Ferme générale ; his wife the chemist Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze, who escaped the guillotine, was herself the daughter of a fermier génèral.

Dr Jensen is a sceptic of human induced global warming and, on behalf of the Lavoisier Group, organised the release of a book entitled Nine Facts About Climate Change by former mining CEO Ray Evans.

Lavoisier investigated the composition of water and air, which at the time were considered elements.

With the French chemists Claude-Louis Berthollet, Antoine Fourcroy and Guyton de Morveau, Lavoisier devised a systematic chemical nomenclature.

Lavoisier established the consistent use of the chemical balance, used oxygen to overthrow the phlogiston theory, and developed a new system of chemical nomenclature and made contribution to the modern metric system.

Antoine Lavoisier developed the theory of combustion as a chemical reaction with oxygen

Berthollet, along with Antoine Lavoisier and others, devised a chemical nomenclature, or a system of names, which serves as the basis of the modern system of naming chemical compounds.

In 1789, Antoine Lavoisier securely differentiated chemistry from alchemy by introducing rigor and precision into his laboratory techniques ; allowing him to deduce the conservation of mass and categorize many new chemical elements and compounds.

Gas chemistry was of increasing importance in the latter half of the 18th century and became crucial for Frenchman Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier ’ s reform of chemistry, generally known as the chemical revolution.

Indeed, Lavoisier was one of the first to use a calorimeter to measure the heat changes during chemical reaction.

In the decades after French scientist Antoine Lavoisier developed the first modern definition of chemical elements, it was believed that earths could be reduced to their elements, meaning that the discovery of a new earth was equivalent to the discovery of the element within, which in this case would have been yttrium.

* Antoine Lavoisier publishes Réflexions sur le phlogistique, showing the phlogiston theory to be inconsistent, proposing chemical reaction as an alternative theory in a paper read to the French Academy of Sciences in June, and names hydrogen.

* 1789: Lavoisier publishes Treatise of Elementary Chemistry, introducing the concept of a chemical element and clarifying the Law of conservation of mass for chemical reactions.

Chemistry then becomes a full-fledged science when Antoine Lavoisier develops his law of conservation of mass, which demands careful measurements and quantitative observations of chemical phenomena.

Although the archives of chemical research draw upon work from ancient Babylonia, Egypt, and especially the Arabs and Persians after Islam, modern chemistry flourished from the time of Antoine Lavoisier, who is regarded as the " father of modern chemistry ", particularly for his discovery of the law of conservation of mass, and his refutation of the phlogiston theory of combustion in 1783.