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Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates all developed theories of public speaking in opposition to the Sophists, and their ideas took on institutional form through the development of permanent schools where public speaking was taught.
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Plato and Aristotle
The word `` mimesis '' ( `` imitation '' ) is usually associated with Plato and Aristotle.
Aristotle also tended to stratify all aspects of human nature and activity into levels of excellence and, like Plato, he put the pure and unimpassioned intellect on the top level.
For both Plato and Aristotle artistic mimesis, in contrast to the power of dialectic, is relatively incapable of expressing the character of fundamental reality.
And most of the great periods are represented, because we will compare Plato and Aristotle from the golden age of Greece ; ;
Plato and Aristotle
Plato and Aristotle agree on some vital literary issues.
While Aristotle censors literature only for the young, Plato would banish all poets from his ideal state.
Even more important, in his Poetics, Aristotle differs somewhat from Plato when he moves in the direction of treating literature as a unique thing, separate and apart from its causes and its effects.
Both sides claimed that Plato and Aristotle supported their cause.
Aristotle (, Aristotélēs ) ( 384 BC – 322 BC ) was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.
Together with Plato and Socrates ( Plato's teacher ), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy.
In accordance with the Greek theorists, the Muslims considered Aristotle to be a dogmatic philosopher, the author of a closed system, and believed that Aristotle shared with Plato essential tenets of thought.
Essays on Plato and Aristotle, Oxford University Press, USA.
The press was started by Aldus based on his love of classics, and at first printed new copies of Plato, Aristotle, and other Greek and Latin classics.
He was a pupil of Proclus in Athens, and taught at Alexandria for most of his life, writing commentaries on Plato, Aristotle, and other philosophers.
Eventually, they returned to Alexandria, where Ammonius, as head of the Neoplatonist school in Alexandria, lectured on Plato and Aristotle for the rest of his life.
Hierocles, writing in the 5th century, states that Ammonius ' fundamental doctrine was that Plato and Aristotle were in full agreement with each other:
* Karamanolis, G., ( 2006 ), Plato and Aristotle in Agreement?
It is noteworthy that Socrates ( Plato, Phaedo, 98 B ) accuses Anaxagoras of failing to differentiate between nous and psyche, while Aristotle ( Metaphysics, Book I ) objects that his nous is merely a deus ex machina to which he refuses to attribute design and knowledge.
While the date of composition varies wildly among scholars, ranging from the era of Plato and Aristotle to the seventh century CE.
In his earliest work, Against the Heathen-On the Incarnation, written before 319, he repeatedly quoted Plato and used a definition from the Organon of Aristotle.
Some philosophers who have had more noteworthy theories are Parmenides, Leucippus, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Plotinus, Aquinas, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Hegel, Heidegger, and Sartre.
Journalist Bee Wilson states that the image of a community of honey bees " occurs from ancient to modern times, in Aristotle and Plato ; in Virgil and Seneca ; in Erasmus and Shakespeare ; Tolstoy, as well as by social theorists Bernard Mandeville and Karl Marx.
Plato ’ s student Aristotle did not maintain his former teacher's geometric view of the elements, but rather preferred a somewhat more naturalistic explanation for the elements based on their traditional qualities.
Plato and Socrates
: There Plato too I saw, and Socrates,
He even went so far as to decorate his schoolroom with visual elements he thought would inspire learning: paintings, books, comfortable furniture, and busts or portraits of Plato, Socrates, Jesus, and William Ellery Channing.
In the Gorgias written years later Plato has Socrates contemplating the possibility of himself on trial before the Athenians: he says he would be like a doctor prosecuted by a pastry chef before a jury of children.
In his dialogues ( e. g. Republic 399e, 592a ), Plato has Socrates utter, " by the dog " ( kai me ton kuna ), " by the dog of Egypt ", " by the dog, the god of the Egyptians " ( Gorgias, 482b ), for emphasis.
Inspired by the admonition of his mentor, Socrates, prior to his unjust execution that " the unexamined life is not worth living ", Plato and his student, the political scientist Aristotle, helped lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science.
Consider the following sentences: " Socrates is a philosopher ", " Plato is a philosopher ".
Thus if a represents Socrates then Phil ( a ) asserts the first proposition, p ; if a instead represents Plato then Phil ( a ) asserts the second proposition, q.
The Christian historian Socrates Scholasticus was of the opinion that Julian believed himself to be Alexander the Great " in another body " via transmigration of souls, " in accordance with the teachings of Pythagoras and Plato ".
Like his philosophical forefathers, Socrates and Plato, Aristotle posited the existence of natural justice or natural right ( dikaion physikon, δικαίον φυσικόν, Latin ius naturale ).
In his dialogue Republic, Plato uses Socrates to argue for justice that covers both the just person and the just City State.
This view of myths and their origin is criticised by Plato in the Phaedrus ( 229d ), in which Socrates says that this approach is the province of one who is " vehemently curious and laborious, and not entirely happy.
In particular, the Babylonian text Dialogue of Pessimism contains similarities to the agonistic thought of the sophists, the Heraclitean doctrine of contrasts, and the dialectic and dialogs of Plato, as well as a precursor to the maieutic method of Socrates.
Also in the Symposium, Plato describes how the experience of the Beautiful by Socrates enables him to resist the temptations of wealth and sex.
Against the conventionalism that the distinction between nature and custom could engender, Socrates and his philosophic heirs, Plato and Aristotle, posited the existence of natural justice or natural right ( dikaion physikon, δικαιον φυσικον, Latin ius naturale ).
* Plato: Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science.
* Socrates: Widely considered the founder of Western political philosophy, via his spoken influence on Athenian contemporaries ; since Socrates never wrote anything, much of what we know about him and his teachings comes through his most famous student, Plato.
This doctrine is a central tenet of the Indian religions and is a belief that was held by such historic figures as Pythagoras, Plato and Socrates.
In Phaedo, Plato makes his teacher Socrates, prior to his death, state ; " I am confident that there truly is such a thing as living again, and that the living spring from the dead.
" However Xenophon does not mention Socrates as believing in reincarnation and Plato may have systematised Socrates ' thought with concepts he took directly from Pythagoreanism or Orphism.
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