In 1917, Albert Einstein established the theoretical foundations for the laser and the maser in the paper Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung ( On the Quantum Theory of Radiation ); via a re-derivation of Max Planck ’ s law of radiation, conceptually based upon probability coefficients ( Einstein coefficients ) for the absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation ; in 1928, Rudolf W. Ladenburg confirmed the existences of the phenomena of stimulated emission and negative absorption ; in 1939, Valentin A. Fabrikant predicted the use of stimulated emission to amplify “ short ” waves ; in 1947, Willis E. Lamb and R. C. Retherford found apparent stimulated emission in hydrogen spectra and effected the first demonstration of stimulated emission ; in 1950, Alfred Kastler ( Nobel Prize for Physics 1966 ) proposed the method of optical pumping, experimentally confirmed, two years later, by Brossel, Kastler, and Winter.

* Einstein, Alfred.

" However, biographer Maynard Solomon asserts that he " failed to make his mark as a composer ,", and Alfred Einstein " judged him to be an undistinguished composer ".

The term Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics was often used interchangeably with and as a synonym for Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle by detractors ( such as Einstein and the physicist Alfred Landé ) who believed in determinism and saw the common features of the Bohr-Heisenberg theories as a threat.

* Alfred Einstein: A Life of Genius, Kids Can Press ( Toronto, Ontario, Canada ), 2003.

* Alfred Einstein, The Italian Madrigal.

Musicologist Alfred Einstein suggested, however, that a minuet in Piano Sonata in B-flat major, K. 498a, is the missing movement.

Wert's first three books show some features typical of Rore's writing, such as chromaticism, word-painting, and, according to Alfred Einstein, an " indifference to everything merely formal and ... striving for the most intense expression.

* Alfred Einstein, The Italian Madrigal.

All of the lines of development in the madrigal in the late century can be traced to ideas first seen in Rore ; according to Alfred Einstein, his only true spiritual successor was Claudio Monteverdi, another revolutionary.

According to Alfred Einstein, writing in The Italian Madrigal ( 1949 ), Rore's true spiritual successor was Monteverdi.

* Einstein, Alfred.

She was considered one of the finest performers of J. S. Bach's keyboard music, winning outstanding praise from the musicologist Alfred Einstein.

Alfred North Whitehead incorporated a scientific worldview into the development of his philosophical system similar to Einstein ’ s Theory of Relativity.

* Einstein, Alfred.

According to Alfred Einstein, "... he cannot conceivably have come to terms with the Camerata and with its pedantic and pretentious dilettantism.

The term is of 20th century origin, popularised by Alfred Einstein.

Dorris documents his theoretical arguments with extensive case studies of a wide range of individuals, including Izzy Montemayor, Einstein, Elvis, Monet, Mozart, da Vinci, Abraham Lincoln, Watson and Crick, basketball great Bill Russell, Louis Armstrong, Bill Gates, Alfred Hitchcock, Woody Guthrie, and Norma Jeane / Marilyn Monroe.

Alfred Einstein ( December 30, 1880February 13, 1952 ) was a German-American musicologist and music editor.

While one respected source ( 1980 ) lists Alfred as a cousin of the scientist Albert Einstein, another one claims ( 1993 ) that no relationship has been verified.

His work by Alfred Einstein

de: Alfred Einstein

es: Alfred Einstein

* 1883 – Alfred Saalwächter, German U-boat commander ( d. 1945 )

* 1945 – World War II: General Alfred Jodl signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in the war.

* Michael Alfred Peszke, Poland's Navy, 1918 – 1945, Hippocrene Books, 1999, ISBN 978-0-7818-0672-5.

The publication Der Ruf ( The Call ) was a popular literary magazine first published in 1945 by Alfred Andersch and edited by Hans Werner Richter.

Dr. Alfred Meyer ( October 5, 1891 – April 11, 1945 ) was a Nazi official, achieving the rank of Staatssekretär and Deputy Reichsminister in the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories ( Reichministerium für die Besetzten Ostgebiete or Ostministerium ).

* V-J Day in Times Square, a 1945 photograph by Alfred Eisenstaedt

Spellbound is a psychological mystery thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock in 1945.

* 1926 – 1945 Alfred Barratt Brown

Alfred Delp ( 15 September 1907 in Mannheim, Grand Duchy of Baden – 2 February 1945 in Berlin ) was a German Jesuit priest who was executed for his resistance to the Nazi régime in Germany.

* Lord Alfred Douglas ( 1870 – 1945 ), British poet

Perhaps one of the best-known pictures printed in the magazine was Alfred Eisenstaedt ’ s photograph of a nurse in a sailor ’ s arms, snapped on August 27, 1945, as they celebrated VJ Day in New York City.

* Lieutenant General Sir Alfred Edward Codrington, 1918 – 1945

Stanley was married four times – Bruce Hall ( 1945 – 1946 ), Curt Conway ( 1949 – 1956 ), Alfred Ryder ( 1958 – 1964 ) and Joseph Siegel ( 1964 – 1967 ) – with all four marriages ending in divorce.

Shortly afterwards, on May 7, 1945, General Alfred Jodl signed the German military surrender, and on May 23 Speer was arrested on the orders of U. S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, together with the rest of the provisional German government led by Admiral Karl Dönitz, Hitler's successor as head of state.

Carroll is perhaps best known for his roles in six Alfred Hitchcock films: Rebecca ( 1940 ), Suspicion ( 1941 ), Spellbound ( 1945 ), The Paradine Case ( 1947 ), Strangers on a Train ( 1951 ), and North by Northwest ( 1959 ).

* Alfred Kleeberg ( late 1945 – summer 1946 )

Alfred " Tubby " Hall ( October 12, 1895 – May 13, 1945 ) was a jazz drummer.

* Alfred Saalwächter ( 1883 – 1945 ), General Admiral

In 1945, 23 Labour Co-operative MPs were elected and two had high office in the Labour government – Alexander and Alfred Barnes, who had been chair of the Party.

* 1924 – 1945 Alfred Barnes MP

These were The Seven Journeys ( 1944 )' 2ND Poems ( 1945 ), The Voyages of Alfred Wallis ( 1948 ) and The White Threshold ( 1949 ).

* Alfred Steurich-Gebirgsjäger im Bild: 6. SS-Gebirgsdivision Nord 1940 – 1945

Gordon Walker did not contest the 1945 general election, but was elected later in 1945 as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Smethwick in a by-election on 1 October 1945 after Labour's Alfred Dobbs was killed in a car accident one day after winning the seat at the 1945 general election.