The resultant academic and public quarrels concerned the scholarly merit, or lack thereof, of humanistic commentary about the physical sciences ; the influence of postmodern philosophy on social disciplines in general ; academic ethics, including whether Sokal was right or wrong to deceive the editors and readers of Social Text ; and whether the journal had exercised the appropriate intellectual rigor before publishing the pseudoscientific article.

This lack of " school ", " channelized impulse " or " Style " (" Style is just a super thin ham slice between your " freedom " and your own limitations ( Sandoval, 2009 )") is still a characteristic of his work and can be easily identified with a radical postmodern approach.

This detail prompted the following sudden splash of ire from Thomas Mallon, reviewing the novel ( otherwise favorably ) in The Atlantic Monthly ( 2 December 2003 ): " And let me say this, above all, Mr. Wolff: the lack of quotation marks around the dialogue is a ridiculous piece of postmodern pretentiousness that has no place in your book.

Perhaps demonstrated most famously and effectively in Joseph Heller's Catch-22 and the work of Thomas Pynchon, the sense of paranoia, the belief that there's an ordering system behind the chaos of the world is another recurring postmodern theme.

Neotribalism belief system is evident in the music of Neotribalism ; the postmodern drum circle where the only leader is the preservation of the groove or music consciousness this development of musical consciousness takes the participation of individual to create a collective more powerful and beautiful display of sight and sound.

Some postmodern artists have made a more distinctive break from the ideas of modern art and there is no consensus as to what is " late-modern " and what is " post-modern.

Transrealism's stance against consensus reality identifies it as a postmodern literature akin to surrealism and covering much the same ground as slipstream literature.

The critical consensus is: " Happily N ' Ever After has none of the moxy, edge or postmodern wit of the other fairy-tales-gone-haywire CG movie it so blatantly rips off.

In the postmodern understanding, interpretation is everything ; reality only comes into being through our interpretations of what the world means to us individually.

He concluded that, since " physical reality " is, at bottom, a social and linguistic construct, a " liberatory science " and an " emancipatory mathematics ", spurning " the elite caste canon of ' high science '", must be established for a " postmodern science provide powerful intellectual support for the progressive political project ".

Hyperreality is used in semiotics and postmodern philosophy to describe an inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality, especially in technologically advanced post-modern societies.

As some sociologists commented on a cultural shift that they believed to correspond to postmodern ways of perceiving reality in the late 20th century, some Christians began to advocate changes within the church in response.

In character development, both modern and postmodern literature explore subjectivism, turning from external reality to examine inner states of consciousness, in many cases drawing on modernist examples in the " stream of consciousness " styles of Virginia Woolf and James Joyce, or explorative poems like The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot.

As well as a postmodern device to examine the questionable " reality " of the situation, it also functions as a " tidy commentary " on the advent of mass surveillance in the 1990s.

Oborne has argued that much of late 20th / early 21st century disenchantment with politics is due to a postmodern design of political agendas and programmes with subsequent implementation that denies the existence of an ' independent reality '.

Another view, as important to the philosophy of art as " beauty ," is that of the " sublime ," elaborated upon in the twentieth century by the postmodern philosopher Jean-François Lyotard.

Cyberpunk is a postmodern science fiction genre noted for its focus on " high tech and low life.

Among Western historians, it conflicts with the postmodern impulse which is skeptical of great narratives.

* An example of critical postmodern work is Rolling, Jr., J. H. ( 2008 ).

In " Deconstructing History ", Alun Munslow examines history in what he argues is a postmodern age.

His poetry is not as highly critically esteemed as his fiction, although some critics place him as the first modernist poet in the United States ; others would assert that his work more strongly suggest what today would be a postmodern view.

This story also is a direct illustration of one of the tenets of postmodern theory — that the sign is not the thing it signifies, nor can one claim to fully or properly describe a thing or an idea with a word or other symbol.

Minimalism is variously construed either as a precursor to postmodernism, or as a postmodern movement itself.

He argues that minimalism is not a " dead end " of modernism, but a " paradigm shift toward postmodern practices that continue to be elaborated today.

Another trend in art which has been associated with the term postmodern is the use of a number of different media together.

While the theory of combining multiple arts into one art is quite old, and has been revived periodically, the postmodern manifestation is often in combination with performance art, where the dramatic subtext is removed, and what is left is the specific statements of the artist in question or the conceptual statement of their action.

Its destruction is considered by some to be the beginning of postmodern architecture.

Theorists, notably Rushworth Kidder, claimed that mediation is the foundation of a ' postmodern ') ethics — and that it sidesteps traditional ethical issues with pre-defined limits of morality.

* American Heritage Dictionary: " Of or relating to art, architecture, or literature that reacts against earlier modernist principles, as by reintroducing traditional or classical elements of style or by carrying modernist styles or practices to extremes: ' It roadhouse is so architecturally interesting ... with its postmodern wooden booths and sculptural clock.

In ' Postmodernist Fiction ' ( 1987 ), Brian McHale details the shift from modernism to postmodernism, arguing that the former is characterized by an epistemological dominant, and that postmodern works have developed out of modernism and are primarily concerned with questions of ontology.

Postmodern music is either music of the postmodern era, or music that follows aesthetic and philosophical trends of postmodernism.

Because of this, Postmodern music is mostly defined in opposition to modernist music, and a work can either be modernist, or postmodern, but not both.

Postmodern Classical music as well is not a musical style, but rather refers to music of the postmodern era.

The postmodern era is positioned to synthesize at a higher level — the level of experience, where the being of things and the activity of the finite knower compenetrate one another and provide the materials whence can be derived knowledge of nature and knowledge of culture in their full symbiosis — the achievements of the ancients and the moderns in a way that gives full credit to the preoccupations of both.

Graff sees the origins of this transformative mission of art in an attempted substitution of art for religion in giving meaning to the world that the rise of science and Enlightenment rationality had removed-but in the postmodern period this is seen as futile.

The former friends debate the place of religion in the postmodern world.

Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies.

In the wake of postmodern literature, critics such as Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault have examined the role and relevance of authorship to the meaning or interpretation of a text.

" It may not have attracted the " real punks ," but it did ensnare many new readers, and it provided the sort of movement that postmodern literary critics found alluring.

) " New global cuisine: the perspective of postmodern gastronomy studies.

In this sense, postcolonial literature may be considered a branch of postmodern literature concerned with the political and cultural independence of peoples formerly subjugated in colonial empires.

While modernist critical theory ( as described above ) concerns itself with “ forms of authority and injustice that accompanied the evolution of industrial and corporate capitalism as a political-economic system ,” postmodern critical theory politicizes social problems “ by situating them in historical and cultural contexts, to implicate themselves in the process of collecting and analyzing data, and to relativize their findings ” ( Lindlof & Taylor, 2002, p. 52 ).

Instead, in their research and writing, many postmodern scholars have adopted “ alternatives that encourage reflection about the ‘ politics and poetics ’ of their work.

Both strands were often present in the various modalities of postmodern theory.

Secular blasphemy: Utter ( ed ) transgressions against names and fathers in the postmodern era.

Some theorists argue that Dada was actually the beginning of postmodern art.

It would not be unfair to call it postmodern evangelicalism.

The closing years of the 20th century saw controversial postmodern influences entering some parts of evangelicalism, particularly with the emerging church movement.

The postmodern intersubjectivity of the 21st century has seen a new interest in fantasy as a form of interpersonal communication.

The changes under critical geography have led to contemporary approaches in the discipline such as Feminist geography, New cultural geography, and the engagement with postmodern and post structural theories and philosophies.

Invincible to human intervention, Satan became the villain in many horror films with a postmodern style and a dystopian worldview.

Heiner Müller's cutting-edge drama " The Hamletmachine " was first produced in Paris by director Jean Jourdheuil in 1979 and swiftly became a classic of postmodern drama.

Necmettin Erbakan, was the first Islamist Prime Minister of Turkey elected in 1996, but was removed from power by a 1997 military memorandum ( Turkey ) | " postmodern coup d ' état " in 1997.