* Eratosthenes ( 276194 BC ), who made the first known reliable estimation of the Earth's size.

Those who believe that the stories of the Trojan War are derived from a specific historical conflict usually date it to the 12th or 11th centuries BC, often preferring the dates given by Eratosthenes, 1194 – 1184 BC, which roughly corresponds with archaeological evidence of a catastrophic burning of Troy VIIa.

Although Strabo cited the antique Greek astronomers Eratosthenes and Hipparchus, acknowledging their astronomical and mathematical efforts towards geography, he claimed that a descriptive approach was more practical, such that his works were designed for statesmen who were more anthropologically than numerically concerned with the character of countries and regions.

Eratosthenes of Alexandria, who died about 194 BC, wrote on astronomy and geography, but his work is known mainly from later summaries.

Those who believe that the stories of the Trojan War derive from a specific historical conflict usually date it to the twelfth or eleventh centuries BC, often preferring the dates given by Eratosthenes, 1194 – 1184 BC, which roughly correspond with archaeological evidence of a catastrophic burning of Troy VIIa.

Posidonius was informed in his approach to finding the Earth's circumference by Eratosthenes, who a century earlier used the elevation of the sun at different latitudes to arrive at a figure of 250, 000 stadia ( which he rounded to 252, 000 so that it would be divisible by 60 ).

1241 indicates that Apollonius was succeeded in the position by Eratosthenes ; this must have been after 247 / 246 BCE, the date of the accession of Ptolemy III Euergetes, who was probably tutored by Apollonius and who appointed Eratosthenes.

Lysias and Polemarchus were rich men, having inherited property from their father, Cephalus ; and Lysias claims that, though merely resident aliens, they discharged public services with a liberality which shamed many of those who enjoyed the franchise ( Against Eratosthenes xii. 20 ).

Richard Pankhurst and others have argued that the name should be understood as " River of the Boras people ", where asta can be related to Proto-Nubian asti " water "., while-boras can be linked to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe named the Bora, who lived near Meroe, and another tribe named the Megabares ( in Eratosthenes and Strabo, in Pliny the Elder ).

Eratosthenes of Alexandria, who died about 194 BC, wrote on astronomy and geography, but his work is known mainly from later summaries.

About 150 years after the disaster, the philosopher Eratosthenes visited the site and reported that a standing bronze statue of Poseidon was submerged in a " poros ", " holding in one hand a hippocamp ", where it posed a hazard to those who fished with nets.

Strabo mentions him as a contemporary of Eratosthenes, who was born 275 BC.

This possibility is likely, given that many ancient Greek philosophers are thought to have lived over the age of 90 ( e. g., Xenophanes of Colophon, c. 570 / 565 – c. 475 / 470 BC, Pyrrho of Ellis, c. 360 – c. 270 BC, Eratosthenes of Cirene, c. 285 – c. 190 BC, etc .).

Most ancient Greek and Roman chroniclers, poets, grammarians and scholars ( Eratosthenes, Varro, Apollodorus of Athens, Ovid, Censorinus, Catullus, and Castor of Rhodes ) believed in a threefold division of history: ádelon ( obscure ), mythikón ( mythical ) and historikón ( historical ) periods.

Eratosthenes and Apollodorus of Athens, however, pushed back the start of the historical period to the Trojan War, which they fixed at 1184 BC.

His influence on the historiography of Athens was considerable, lasting until the time of Eratosthenes ( 3rd century BC ).

In 1773, Lessing published an epigram he had found in a manuscript during his work as a librarian ; it claimed to be a letter sent by Archimedes to Eratosthenes.

Eratosthenes claimed it as the arrow with which Apollo exterminated the Cyclopes.

The two towns were separated by one degree on the meridian, so from his measurement he was able to calculate a value for the circumference of the earth – a feat celebrated in the title of his book Eratosthenes Batavus ( The Dutch Eratosthenes ), published in 1617.

In his greatest extant speech — that Against Eratosthenes — and also in the fragmentary Olympiacus, he has pathos and fire ; but these were not characteristic qualities of his work.

or were implementations of the Sieve of Eratosthenes, according to a 1974 interview in which Kemeny and McGeachie took part.

Eratosthenes pointed out that there were works by Eupolis which were produced following the Sicilian Expedition.

That some of the figures Eratosthenes had used in his calculation were considerably in error became known, and Posidonius set out to get a more accurate measurement.

Others were Lycophron, Callimachus, Eratosthenes and many of a later age, for the critical school long survived the literary.

The founder of the mathematical school was the celebrated Euclid ; among its scholars were Archimedes ; Apollonius of Perga, author of a treatise on Conic Sections ; Eratosthenes, to whom we owe the first measurement of the earth ; and Hipparchus, the founder of the epicyclical theory of the heavens, afterwards called the Ptolemaic system, from its most famous expositor, Claudius Ptolemy.

Ptolemy discussed and favored this revised figure of Posidonius over Eratosthenes in his Geographia, and during the Middle Ages scholars divided into two camps regarding the circumference of the earth, identified with Eratosthenes ' calculation on the one hand and Posidonius ' 180, 000-stadium measure on the other.

An example of the sort of attack this portrayal was intended to defend against can be found in two orations of Lysias, Against Eratosthenes and Against Agoratus ; there, Theramenes is portrayed as treasonous and self-interested, doing tremendous harm to the Athenian cause through his machinations.

Eratosthenes used two points, one almost exactly north of the other.

His work Eratosthenes Batavus (" The Dutch Eratosthenes "), published in 1617, describes the method and gives as the result of his operations between Alkmaar and Bergen op Zoom — two towns separated by one degree of the meridian — which he measured to be equal to.

Eratosthenes attempted to calculate its circumference by measuring the angle of the sun at two different locations.

< p > Strabo ... enters largely, in the Second Book of his Geography, into the opinions of Eratosthenes and other Greeks on one of the most difficult problems in geology, viz., by what causes marine shells came to be plentifully buried in the earth at such great elevations and distances from the sea .</ p >

De Astronomia was first published, with accompanying figures, by Erhard Ratdolt in Venice, 1482, under the title Clarissimi uiri Hyginii Poeticon astronomicon opus utilissimum This " Poetic astronomy by the most renowned Hyginus, a most useful work ," chiefly tells us the myths connected with the constellations, in versions that are chiefly based on Catasterismi, a work that was traditionally attributed to Eratosthenes.

Eratosthenes most probably used a solstitial armilla for measuring the obliquity of the ecliptic.

:" Accordingly, the Volcae Tectosages, seized on those parts of Germany which are the most fruitful lie around the Hercynian forest, ( which, I perceive, was known by report to Eratosthenes and some other Greeks, and which they call Orcynia ), and settled there.

The simple sieve of Eratosthenes, the faster but more complicated sieve of Atkin, and the various wheel sieves are most common.

Cyrene was the birthplace of Eratosthenes and there are a number of philosophers associated with the city including Aristippus, the founder of the School of Cyrene, and his successor daughter Arete, Callimachus, Carneades, Ptolemais of Cyrene, and Synesius, a bishop of Ptolemais in the 4th century AD.

He succeeded Eratosthenes as head librarian of the Library of Alexandria at the age of sixty.

As noted in the book Huai Nan Zu, in the 2nd Century BC Chinese astronomers effectively inverted Eratosthenes ' calculation of the curvature of the Earth to calculate the height of the sun above the earth.

The Earth's circumference was first determined around 240 BC by Eratosthenes.

Eratosthenes knew that in Syene, in Egypt, the Sun was directly overhead at the summer solstice, while he estimated that the angle formed by a shadow cast by the Sun at Alexandria was 1 / 50th of a circle.

Early in Classical Greece, that the earth is a sphere (" round "), was generally known by all, and around 240 BCE, Eratosthenes ( 276 BCE – 194 BCE ) accurately estimated its circumference.

A Sieve of Eratosthenes benchmark, computing all prime numbers less than 65536, was tested on a Sun SPARCstation 1.

* 1184 BC – Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned, according to calculations by Eratosthenes.

These included notable thinkers such as Euclid, Archimedes, Eratosthenes, Herophilus, Erasistratus, Hipparchus, Aedesia, Pappus, Hypatia, Aristarchus of Samos, and Saint Catherine.

Eratosthenes the Cyrene was the first to divide the surface of the earth into lines of latitude and longitude.

Several works among the best known during this long period could be cited as an example, from Strabo ( Geography ), Eratosthenes ( Geography ) or Dionisio Periegetes ( Periegesis Oiceumene ) in the Ancient Age to the Alexander von Humboldt ( Cosmos ) in the century XIX, in which geography is regarded as a physical and natural science, of course, through the work Summa de Geografía of Martín Fernández de Enciso from the early sixteenth century, which is indicated for the first time the New World.

The early part of Pytheas ' voyage is outlined by statements of Eratosthenes that Strabo says are false because taken from Pytheas.

Strabo reports that Eratosthenes places Thule at a parallel 11500 stadia ( 1305 miles, or 16. 4 °) north of the mouth of the Borysthenes.

Eratosthenes extends the latitudinal distance from Massalia to Celtica to 5000 stadia ( 7. 1 °), placing the base line in Normandy.

On the surface it appears that Eratosthenes altered the base line to pass through the northern extreme of Celtica.

A statement of Eratosthenes attributed by Strabo to Pytheas, that the north of the Iberian Peninsula was an easier passage to Celtica than across the Ocean, is somewhat ambiguous: apparently he knew or knew of both routes, but he does not say which he took.

Maps based on scientific principles had been made since the time of Eratosthenes ( 3rd century BC ), but Ptolemy improved projections.

One reason is that Ptolemy estimated the size of the Earth as too small: while Eratosthenes found 700 stadia for a great circle degree on the globe, in the Geographia Ptolemy uses 500 stadia.

Book 34 was entirely devoted to questions of geography and included some trenchant criticisms of Eratosthenes, whom he accused of passing on popular preconceptions or laodogmatika.

Random access is critical, or at least valuable, to many algorithms such as binary search, integer sorting or certain versions of sieve of Eratosthenes.

Ephorus gives 1135 BC, Sosibius 1172 BC, Eratosthenes 1184 BC / 1183 BC, Timaeus 1193 BC, the Parian marble 1209 BC / 1208 BC, Dicaearchus 1212 BC, Herodotus around 1250 BC, Eretes 1291 BC, while Douris 1334 BC.