In Western philosophy, the spread of Christianity through the Roman Empire marked the ending of Hellenistic philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of Medieval philosophy, whereas in Eastern philosophy, the spread of Islam through the Arab Empire marked the end of Old Iranian philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of early Islamic philosophy.

Further, proponents of the necessity of the personal apostolic succession of bishops within the Church point to the universal practice of the undivided early Church ( up to AD 431 ), before being divided into the Church of the East, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

Some Protestants feel that such claims of apostolic succession are proven false by the differences in traditions and doctrines between these churches: Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox consider both the Church of the East and the Oriental Orthodox churches to be heretical, having been anathematized in the early ecumenical councils of Ephesus ( 431 ) and Chalcedon ( 451 ) respectively.

In West Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean early copper zinc alloys are now known in small numbers from a number of third Millennium BC sites in the Aegean, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, Kalmykia, Turkmenistan and Georgia and from 2nd Millennium BC sites in West India, Uzbekistan, Iran, Syria, Iraq and Israel.

In Greek, the adjective kyriak-ós /- ē /- ón means " belonging, or pertaining, to a Kýrios " (" Lord "), and the usage was adopted by early Christians of the Eastern Mediterranean with regard to anything pertaining to the Lord Jesus Christ: hence " Kyriakós oíkos " (" house of the Lord ", church ), " Kyriakē " (" day of the Lord ", i. e. Sunday ), or " Kyriakē proseukhē " ( the " Lord's prayer ").

During pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Central Asia was a predominantly Iranian region that included the sedentary Eastern Iranic speaking Bactrians, Sogdians and Chorasmians, and the semi-nomadic Scythians and Alans.

While almost an anachronism after the early stages of that war, German dragoons did see continuing service on the Eastern Front until 1917.

ECHELON was reportedly created to monitor the military and diplomatic communications of the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies during the Cold War in the early 1960s.

Both the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches recognize seven councils in the early centuries of the church, but Roman Catholics also recognize fourteen councils in later times called or confirmed by the Pope.

In 410, the Eastern Roman Empire sent six Legions ( 6, 000 men ; due to changes in tactics, legions of this period were about 1000 soldiers, down from the 6000-soldier legions of the Republic and early Empire periods ) to aid Honorius.

Hayek, of course, had lived his early life under the mostly liberal, but mostly non-democratic, rule of the Austro-Hungarian Emperor, and Hayek had seen democracy descend into illiberal tyranny in a host of Central and Eastern European countries.

Under the Hallstein Doctrine, the FRG did not have any diplomatic relations with countries in Eastern Europe until the early 1970s, when Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik led to increased dialogue and treaties like the Treaty of Warsaw, where West Germany accepted the Oder-Neisse line as German-Polish border, and the Basic Treaty, where West and East Germany accepted each other as sovereign entities.

The Eastern Question began as early as the 2 December 1852 with the Napoleonic coup against the Second Republic of France.

Hamburg was the departure port for most Germans and Eastern Europeans to emigrate to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The Septuagint is the Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures used by the early Christians, and Eastern Orthodox consider it the only authoritative text of those Scriptures.

The mid-nineteenth century saw mainly an influx from northern Europe ; the early twentieth-century mainly from Southern and Eastern Europe ; post-1965 mostly from Latin America and Asia.

During the early morning of 22 June 1941, Adolf Hitler broke the pact by implementing Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of Soviet held territories and the Soviet Union that began the war on the Eastern Front.

The German historian Klaus Hildebrand noted that as early as the Ribbentrop – Halifax meeting the differing foreign policy views of Hitler and Ribbentrop were starting to emerge with Ribbentrop more interested in restoring the pre-1914 German Imperium in Africa than conquest of Eastern Europe.

Near Eastern antiquities, the second newest department, dates from 1881 and presents an overview of early Near Eastern civilization and " first settlements ", before the arrival of Islam.

An early design of electric locomotive showing the steeplecab arrangement: North Eastern Railway ( UK ) | North Eastern Railway British Rail Class ES1 | No. 1, England from 1905

speaks of the " bosom of Abraham ", which both the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, following early Christian writers, understand as a temporary state of souls awaiting entrance into Heaven.

In the spring of 381 they convened the Second Ecumenical Council in Constantinople, which was attended by 150 Eastern bishops.

In the spring of 1941, Ribbentrop appointed an assemblage of SA men to German embassies in Eastern Europe, with Manfred von Killinger going to Romania, Siegfried Kasche to Croatia, Adolf Beckerle to Bulgaria, Dietrich von Jagow to Hungary, and Hans Ludin to Slovakia.

The Eastern Orthodox Church liturgical calendar begins on 1 September – proceeding annually from the Nativity of the Theotokos to the celebration of Jesus ' birth in the winter ( Christmas ), through his death and resurrection in the spring ( Pascha / Easter ), to his Ascension and the Assumption of his mother ( Dormition of the Theotokos / Virgin Mary ) in the summer.

In the spring of 1941, Finland contributed a battalion of volunteers to the Waffen SS, which then fought on the Eastern Front.

In the spring of 1859 Muravyov helped Bakunin with a job for Amur Development Agency which enabled him to move with his wife to Irkutsk, the capital of Eastern Siberia.

In the spring of 544 the Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I sent his general Belisarius to Italy to counterattack, but Totila, captured Rome in 546 from Belisarius and depopulated the city after a yearlong siege.

Many species of reptile have a seasonal breeding cycle, for example in southern Australia, the Eastern Long Neck turtle brumates over winter before mating in spring.

The Expo Center will be home to the East Kentucky Energy of the American Basketball Association starting in fall 2010, and starting in spring 2011 will be home to the Eastern Kentucky Drillers of the Ultimate Indoor Football League.

A story of the " Water of Life " appears in the Eastern versions of the Alexander romance, which describes Alexander the Great and his servant crossing the Land of Darkness to find the restorative spring.

In the spring of 1943 following the Axis defeat in North Africa, other major setbacks on the Eastern Front, and the Anglo-American assault on Sicily looming on the horizon, Ciano turned against prosecution of the doomed war and actively pushed for Italy's exit from the conflict.

Each of the four regional sections of the AMS ( Central, Eastern, Southeastern and Western ) hold meetings in the spring and fall of each year.

For example, in his memoir Eastern Approaches, Fitzroy Maclean describes the song's effect in the spring of 1942 during the Western Desert Campaign: n " Husky, sensuous, nostalgic, sugar-sweet, her voice seemed to reach out to you, as she lingered over the catchy tune, the sickly sentimental words.

Such differences spring from a larger pattern in the two traditions, wherein Catholic teachings are often dogmatically and authoritatively defined – in part because of the more centralized structure of the Catholic Church – while in Eastern Orthodoxy, many doctrines are less authoritative.

* In April 2002 a summer-like heat wave in spring affected much of the Eastern United States.

He spent the first year of the war as a divisional commander in France, performing well but not distinguishing himself until the spring of 1915, when he was transferred to the Eastern Front.

Some designs, such as one by Sinclair for the Eastern Counties Railway in 1859, had the valve spring with pressure scale behind the dome, facing the cab, and the locked valve ahead of the dome, out of reach of interference.

All of this increases the offensive capacity of attackers, especially the Germans against weak Allied forces in the early years ( one of the French 5-factor air wings no longer joins her force pool until Summer 1940, making French defeat by then almost inevitable ), but on the Eastern Front spring mud ( preventing overrun and exploitation there ) and the Russian Winter ( an annual die roll which improves for the Germans over time ) mean that Germany only has a two-season attack in the East.

The village of Cioara is linked to Sofronie of Cioara, the Eastern Orthodox Monk and Saint of the Romanian Orthodox Church who, between the autumn of 1759 and the spring of 1761, led the peaceful uprising of the Romanian Orthodox population against the Habsburg policy of encouraging all Romanians to join the Greek-Catholic Church.

Rebane's unit was then evacuated to Germany for refitting and saw more action on the Eastern Front in the spring of 1945.

Eastern freshwater cod spawn in early spring when water temperatures reach 16 ° C, using rock structures as sites for the adhesive eggs.

These places use Eastern Standard Time ( EST ) when observing standard time ( autumn / winter ) – which is 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC − 05 ) – and Eastern Daylight Time ( EDT ) when observing daylight saving time ( spring / summer ) – which is 4 hours behind ( UTC − 04 ).

War on the Shore: The annual men's lacrosse game, held in late spring between Washington College and Salisbury University, two of Maryland's Eastern Shore's undergraduate schools.

In 1947 he joined the major league Indians during spring training but before the regular season started was sent by Cleveland coach Bill McKechnie to Class A Wilkes-Barre Barons of the Eastern League, where he finished with 17 wins and a 3. 24 ERA.