Economists and activists consider epidemic diseases ( AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis ) as crucial factors in and consequences of extreme poverty.

Under the 1999 U. S. Government's Leadership and Investment in Fighting an Epidemic ( LIFE ) Initiative, CDC through the BOTUSA Project has undertaken many projects and has assisted many organizations in the fight against the HIV / AIDS epidemic in Botswana.

He argues that the epidemic of AIDS cases in the 1980s corresponds to a supposed epidemic of recreational drug use in the United States and Europe during the same time frame.

What Duesberg calls " the myth of an African AIDS epidemic ," among people " exists for several reasons, including:

Other events include the AIDS epidemic, the War on Drugs, the Iran hostage crisis, the Persian Gulf War, the Dot-com bubble, grunge, alternative rock and hip hop.

Baby Doc's kleptocracy left the regime vulnerable to unanticipated crises, exacerbated by endemic poverty, most notably the epidemic of African swine fever virus — which, at the insistence of USAID officials, led to the slaughter of the creole pigs, the principal source of income for most peasants ; and the widely-publicized outbreak of AIDS in the early 1980s.

The use of horror films to help audiences understand international prior historical events occurs, for example, to show the horridness of the Vietnam war, the Holocaust and the worldwide AIDS epidemic.

The CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was heralded as a masterpiece by The Source magazine.

The album, meant to raise awareness and funds in support of the AIDS epidemic in relation to the African American community, was heralded as " Album of the Year " by Time Magazine.

Safe sex practices became more prominent in the late 1980s as a result of the AIDS epidemic.

Although " safe sex " is used by individuals to refer to protection against both pregnancy and HIV / AIDS or other STI transmissions, the term was primarily derived in response to the HIV / AIDS epidemic.

Historical examples of religious individuals or institutions promoting claims that contradict both contemporary and modern scientific consensus include creationism ( see level of support for evolution ), and more recently, Pope Benedict XVI's 2009 statements claiming that the use of condoms to combat the AIDS epidemic in Africa was ineffective and counterproductive.

The HIV / AIDS epidemic is a significant problem in Tanzania ; in 2009, the prevalence was estimated to be 5. 6 % of the adult population.

However, the AIDS epidemic has had a major impact on the Thai population.

It has been said that the comic books and the X-Men animated series delved into the AIDS epidemic with a long-running plot line about the Legacy Virus, a seemingly incurable disease thought at first to attack only mutants ( similar to the AIDS virus which at first was spread through the gay community ).

In 1990, the avant-garde musician Diamanda Galas performed Plague Mass, a culmination of her work dedicated to the victims of the AIDS epidemic.

In many African nations, where AIDS is at epidemic levels ( see HIV / AIDS in Africa ), sex education is seen by most scientists as a vital public health strategy.

Sex education in Africa has focused on stemming the growing AIDS epidemic.

That perception shifted as White and other prominent HIV-infected people, such as Magic Johnson, Arthur Ashe, the Ray brothers and Kimberly Bergalis, appeared in the media to advocate for more AIDS research and public education to address the epidemic.

In 2002, Segal along with Global Village Champions Foundation and founder Yank Barry helped support Father Joe's orphanage for children with AIDS in Bangkok, Thailand.

The exhibit entitled " Struggle For Life " documented the human toll of TB and AIDS presented the work of Nachtwey with text by Dr. Anne Goldfeld of work they began together in Cambodia in 2003 as well as photos from Thailand, Africa and Siberia.

Peter Jackson argues that AIDS in the 1980s brought about a shift of perception in Thailand regarding kathoeys, " placing homosexuality rather than gender at the focus of the concept ", which was associated with " a shift in Buddhist attitudes from relative tolerance of homosexuality to condemnation.

The XV International AIDS Conference was held in Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand, from July 11 to July 16, 2004.

The co-chairs of the conference were Dr. Vallop Thaineua of Thailand and Joep Lange of the Netherlands, president of the International AIDS Society, which was the formal host organization.

* XV International AIDS Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 2004

In many developing countries such as Thailand where the HIV / AIDS pandemic is much more serious, laws are either weak or non-existent regarding criminalisation of intentional transmission.

1985-Atlanta, USA ( 2, 000 participants ); 1986 – Paris, France ( 2, 800 participants ); 1987 – Washington DC, USA ( 6, 300 participants ); 1988 – Stockholm, Sweden ( 7, 500 participants ); 1989 – Montreal, Canada, The Scientific and Social Challenge of AIDS ( 12, 000 participants ); 1990 – San Francisco, USA, AIDS in the Nineties: From Science to Policy ( 11, 000 participants ); 1991 – Florence, Italy, Science Challenging AIDS ( 8, 000 participants ); 1992 – Amsterdam, The Netherlands, A World United Against AIDS ( 8, 000 participants ); 1993 – Berlin, Germany ; 1994 – Yokohama, Japan ; The Global Challenge of AIDS: Together for the Future ( 10, 000 participants ); 1996 – Vancouver, Canada, One World One Hope ( 15, 000 participants ); 1998 – Geneva, Switzerland, Bridging the Gap ( 15, 000 participants including 1, 400 media ); 2000 – Durban, South Africa, Breaking the Silence ( 12, 000 participants, 1, 300 media ); 2002 – Barcelona, Spain, Knowledge and Commitment for Action ( 18, 500 participants ); 2004 – Bangkok, Thailand Access for All ( 18, 500 and 2, 600 media ); 2006 – Toronto, Canada, Time to Deliver ( 26, 000 participants ); 2008 – Mexico City, Mexico, Universal Action Now ( 20, 300 participants ); 2010 – Vienna, Austria, Rights Here, Right Now ( 19, 300 participants ).

The prevalence of HIV / AIDS in Thailand, and especially among sex workers, has been the subject of significant media and academic attention, and Thailand hosted the XV International AIDS Conference, 2004.

Thailand was praised for its efforts in the fight against HIV / AIDS during the late 1990s, but a study in 2005 found that the lack of public support in the previous several years had led to a resurgence of the disease.

He has done legislative work on such issues as the Tobacco Directive, the introduction of the euro currency, water quality, AIDS, completion of the EU's internal market in alcohol products, international banking fees, the European Central Bank, safety of children's toys, car exhaust emissions, food safety, and genetically modified organisms and human genetics, homeopathic and pharmaceutical products, Dutch prisoners in Thailand.

* XV International AIDS Conference, 2004 in Bangkok, Thailand

There is currently an AIDS Museum located in Thailand and another being developed in South Africa.

* Limmahakhun, S., Chaiwarith, R., Nuntachit, N., Sirisanthana, T. and Supparatpinyo, K. 2012 Treatment outcomes of patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand International Journal of STD and AIDS 23 ( 6 ): 414-418.

One prominent example cited in the book was litigation over casual contact in the spread of AIDS.

Seth Kalichman cited her 2009 paper as an example of AIDS denialism " flourishing ", and argued that her " endorsement of HIV / AIDS denialism defies understanding.

Boykin stated that despite the numerous media accounts linking the down-low to the occurrence of AIDS in the African-American community, the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has never cited men on the down-low as a factor.

During the last months of her life, Bergalis ' case was cited by some politicians and journalists as an example of a ' blameless ' HIV infection that had been allowed to happen due to the CDC and the healthcare industry being overly responsive to the concerns of AIDS activists and the gay community.

The articles were cited in a 1990 U. S Department of Justice Report on AIDS in prison.

Also in 1987, Bronski Beat and Somerville did a reunion concert for " International AIDS Day ", supported by New Order, at the Brixton Academy, London.

Gene therapy may be used for treating, or even curing, genetic and acquired diseases like cancer and AIDS by using normal genes to supplement or replace defective genes or to bolster a normal function such as immunity.

Note that the so-called Kinshasa Highway is not a physical road but a metaphor applied to the route by which AIDS is believed to have been spread east through Uganda and Kenya and neighbouring countries by truck drivers from the Congo.

Duesberg's claim that antiviral medication causes AIDS is regarded as disproven by the scientific community.

The authors concluded that " the risk-AIDS hypothesis ... is clearly rejected by our data ", and that "... The evidence supports the hypothesis that HIV-1 has an integral role in the CD4 depletion and progressive immune dysfunction that characterise AIDS.

Since AIDS is now defined partially by the presence of HIV, Duesberg claims it is impossible by definition to offer evidence that AIDS doesn't require HIV.

* Willing participation in deception by local doctors who wish to take advantage of this aid money: " African doctors themselves participate in building the myth of the AIDS pandemic.

A definition of AIDS agreed upon in 1985 by the World Health Organization in Bangui did not require a positive HIV test, but since 1985, many African countries have added positive HIV tests to the Bangui criteria for AIDS or changed their definitions to match those of the U. S. Centers for Disease Control.

The consensus in the scientific community is that the Duesberg hypothesis has been refuted by a large and growing mass of evidence showing that HIV causes AIDS, that the amount of virus in the blood correlates with disease progression, that a plausible mechanism for HIV's action has been proposed, and that anti-HIV medication decreases mortality and opportunistic infection in people with AIDS.

Also in 1994, Parton contributed the song " You Gotta Be My Baby " to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Red Hot Organization.

There is a tendency by commentators across the world to focus on the few negatives which are quite negative, like how are we handling AIDS, like our role vis-à-vis Zimbabwe.

Estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS ; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected ( July 2010 est.

Her closed-casket funeral ( recommended by the funeral director due to the ravages of AIDS, which was not properly understood at the time ) was held on November 21 at a small funeral home in Philadelphia.

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook ().< ref name =" CIA_20110303 ">< sup >†</ sup > note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS ; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected < sup >‡</ sup > note: the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake ; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 </ ref >

The teaching has been criticized by development organizations and others who claim that it limits the methods available to fight worldwide population growth and struggle against AIDS.