Given their great antiquity, where and when they first existed is not known and perhaps unknowable.

Given that the dispute with Pizarro over Cuzco had kept intensifying, Almagro spent a great deal of time and money equipping a company of 500 men for a new exploration south of Peru.

Given the great historical link between Persian and Jewish history, modern day Persian Jews are called " Esther's Children ".

Given the distances between the stars, the great majority of stellar systems in colliding galaxies will be unaffected.

Given the repeated failures and frustrations of workers ' revolutions and movements, Marx also sought to understand capitalism, and spent a great deal of time in the reading room of the British Museum studying and reflecting on the works of political economists and on economic data.

Given the biogeography and appearance of the subgenus Olor it seems likely that these are of a more recent origin, as evidence shows by their modern ranges ( which were mostly uninhabitable during the last ice age ) and great similarity between the taxa.

On 24 July 2003, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith stated, " Given the centrality of the celebration of the Eucharist in the life of a priest, one must proceed with great caution before admitting to Holy Orders those candidates unable to ingest gluten or alcohol without serious harm.

Given its great distance, the daytime " guest star " observed by the Chinese could only have been a supernova — a massive, exploding star, having exhausted its supply of energy from nuclear fusion and collapsed in on itself.

Given the very conservative engineering of the early IBM personal computers and their higher than average prices, this was not a terribly difficult task at first, bar only the great technical challenge of crafting a BIOS that duplicated the function of the IBM BIOS exactly but did not infringe on copyrights.

Given the demands of his career in the Navy and NASA, Pete and Jane spent a great deal of time apart, and Pete saw less of his boys growing up than he would have liked.

Given that other philosophers claim that scientific accounts of our mental lives, particularly in the cognitive sciences, need this idea, this claim of McDowell's has provoked a great deal of discussion.

Given his history with the Ruthvens, and that he owed them a great deal of money, James's account of the circumstances was not universally believed.

Given the age of the institution, many of the collections have great historical as well as scientific value, such as specimens collected by Darwin.

Weekly Standard Editor William Kristol said at the time, " Given that Reagan obviously couldn't be here, I think it was important to have Mrs. Thatcher because she and Reagan are really the great heroes of conservatism in the last few decades and still today.

Given my time again, I wouldn't repeat it-but the great legend is complete, bloody rubbish.

: Given the centrality of the celebration of the Eucharist in the life of a priest, one must proceed with great caution before admitting to Holy Orders those candidates unable to ingest alcohol without serious harm.

Given the great size of the flats, there is plenty of room for these race cars to reach their full potential.

Given the ability to knock down, in essence, any gene of interest, RNAi via siRNAs has generated a great deal of interest in both basic and applied biology.

Given its extensive use in religious literature, primarily in Hinduism, and the fact that most modern Indian languages have been directly derived from or strongly influenced by Sanskrit, the language and its literature is of great importance in Indian culture akin to that of Greek and Latin in European culture.

Given a unit sphere, a " triangle " on the surface of the sphere is defined by the great circles connecting three points u, v, and w on the sphere.

Given the fact that, at one time, Llanrwst was one of the ten largest towns in Wales, it can be seen that the Conwy Valley had great historical significance.

Given that the Communist governments all insisted on having a total monopoly of control over educational institutions, the preservation of its independence was a great achievement.

Given the precision of Brown's calculations, it must have come as a great disappointment to have to introduce this arbitrary adjustment.

Given that winter was coming, and many lorries were overloaded with coal, a great number of lorries failed the test.

Given a grammar in GNF and a derivable string in the grammar with length n, any top-down parser will halt at depth n.

Given that controls are imperfect, strong physical security applies the principle of defense in depth using appropriate combinations of overlapping and complementary controls.

Given the lake ’ s semi-arid climate, large surface area, and shallow average depth, evaporation accounts for 42 % of Utah Lake's outflow.

" Given the massive undertaking in creating 11 volumes over 50 years, errors and incompleteness were inevitable by Durant's own reckoning ; but no other historical survey matches let alone exceeds the breadth and depth of his project, he claimed.

Given his adept use of angle, depth, and pace, his opponents often have difficulty breaking down one particular side.

Given the high loads required the welding machine may deflect and so reduce the plunge depth compared to the nominal setting, which may result in flaws in the weld.

Given the length of the canal, however, modern surveyors suggest that the original engineers may have " lost their level " at points along the course and these natural barriers were left in place to maintain the required depth of water, or that they were a deliberate precaution against the whole section drying out in summer.

" Given Cicero's in depth knowledge of Greek political history, it can be argued that his notion on war and law was inspired by Thucydides's opinion on the violent nature of war and the realist approach in international relations.

Given the depth of their music you would think that Wave have been working together for years but in truth their chemistry came together quickly and has already spawned a number of incredible hits.

Given the population growth over the past 50 years, a particular concern is the potential eutrophication of currently oligotrophic Lake Ohrid from increased pollution.

* Parramatta's Lake Given The All-Clear Sydney Morning Herald 27 June 2006

Given Lake Xochimilco's present extensively compromised and reduced state and the accelerating impact of Mexico City's urban growth, axolotl in the wild are listed as a critically endangered species by the IUCN.

Given India's historic position that the original intent of the line was to separate the two nations by the highest mountains in the world, in these locations India extended its forward posts northward to the ridges, regarding this move as compliant with the original border proposal, although the Simla Convention did not explicitly state this intention.

Given their locations, Comecon membership for Mongolia, Cuba, and Vietnam principally served Soviet foreign policy interests.

Given the market chain's premium locations, the costs of rent for tenants are generally high, but other Chinese businesses, such as Sam Woo Restaurants, Chinese traditional medicine shops, and gift stores, have been known to follow 99 Ranch Market to its new locations, with 99 Ranch market becoming the anchor tenant for the smaller stores and restaurants within developing Asian suburban shopping areas.

Given any valid primary arithmetic expression, insert into one or more locations any number of Latin letters bearing optional numerical subscripts ; the result is a pa formula.

Given the Wyld's inconstant nature, however, concrete locations associated with Flux are few ; more commonly, the energies of Flux pass over an area, causing rapid change and general chaos, then move on.

Given so few bits to work with, one major design challenge of RDS-TMC was to find a way of using 16 bits ( about 65000 locations ) to describe an entire state or country.

The realization problem for Euclidean minimum spanning trees is stated as follows: Given a tree T = ( V, E ), find a location D ( u ) for each vertex u ∈ V so that T is a minimum spanning tree of D ( u ): u ∈ V, or determine that no such locations exist.

Given the level of surveillance, and consistent with the conspiratorial traditions of Irish political movements, the union proceeded clandestinely, forming small groups of trusted friends in order to keep informers at bay, meeting in isolated locations and in subway tunnels.

: Given two sets, P (" facilities ") and L (" locations "), of equal size, together with a weight function w: P × P → R and a distance function d: L × L → R. Find the bijection f: P → L (" assignment ") such that the cost function:

Given appropriate transmitting equipment, GPS is capable of pinpointing locations to the thickness of a pencil lead, enabling scientists to gather data to complement what is available from seismographs.