The continuing deterioration of the financial situation in France – despite the fact that cutbacks in the royal retinue had been made – ultimately forced the king, in collaboration with his current Minister of Finance, Calonne, to call the Assembly of Notables, after a hiatus of 160 years.

An Assembly of Notables ( the members consisted of magistrates, mayors, nobles and clergy ) was convened in February 1787 to ratify the financial reforms sought by the Controller-General of Finance Charles Alexandre de Calonne.

" Economic historians such as Eugene White, have however stressed the negative role played by Calonne who continued the restoration of a venal system of financial administration.

By the time Calonne brought together the Assembly of Notables on 22 February 1787 to address the financial situation, France had reached a state of virtual bankruptcy ; no one would lend the king money sufficient to meet the expenses of the royal court and the government.

Calonne was succeeded by his chief critic, Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne, archbishop of Sens, but the fundamental situation was unchanged: the government had no credit.

Again this failed, so Louis convoked the Assembly of Notables in 1787 to discuss a revolutionary new fiscal reform proposed by Calonne.

This provided Louis Stanislas, who abhorred the radical reforms proposed by Calonne, the opportunity he had long been waiting for to establish himself in politics.

This policy also failed ; therefore, Louis convened the Assembly of Notables in 1787 to discuss a revolutionary new fiscal reform proposed by Calonne.

* July 11 – July 22 – The Darmstädter Ferienkurse are held in Darmstadt with a series of lectures by Theodor W. Adorno, two public discussions of the new medium of electronic music, and world premieres of works by ( amongst others ) Richard Rodney Bennett, Pierre Boulez, Jacques Calonne, Aldo Clementi, Luc Ferrari, Alexander Goehr, Bengt Hambraeus, Hans Werner Henze, Bruno Maderna, Henri Pousseur, and Karlheinz Stockhausen.

Realizing that the Parliament of Paris would never agree to reform, Calonne handpicked an Assembly of Notables in 1787 to approve new taxes.

When Necker's tax policy failed miserably, Louis dismissed him, and replaced him, in 1783, with Charles Alexandre de Calonne, who increased public spending in an attempt to " buy " the country's way out of debt.

D ' Abancourt was born in in Douai, and was the nephew of Charles Alexandre de Calonne.

The King refused, Necker was fired, and Charles Alexandre de Calonne was appointed to the Comptrollership.

Faced with opposition from the parlements, Calonne organised the summoning of the Assembly of Notables.

In February 1787 his finance minister, Charles Alexandre de Calonne, convened an Assembly of Notables, a group of nobles, clergy, bourgeoisie, and bureaucrats selected in order to bypass the local parliaments.

As a result, the king dismissed Calonne on 8 April 1787 ; Vergennes died on 13 February.

Also in May, Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne, the archbishop of Toulouse and one of the queen's political allies, was appointed by the king to replace Calonne as the Finance Minister.

When this policy failed miserably, Louis dismissed him, and then replaced him in 1783 with Charles Alexandre de Calonne, who increased public spending to " buy " the country's way out of debt.

Wimbledon House, a separate residence close to the village at the south end of Parkside ( near present day Peek Crescent ), was home in the 1790s to the exiled French statesman Vicomte de Calonne, and later to the mother of writer Frederick Marryat.

Their association with the area is recorded in the names of nearby Calonne and Marryat Roads.

Born in La-Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, Droz studied in Paris and won acclaim with his fine pattern piece known as the Écu de Calonne after the French finance minister.

In 1781, Vergennes became chief of the council of finance, and, in 1783, he supported the nomination of Charles Alexandre de Calonne as Controller-General.

After observing the siege at Tournai, the King moved on to the Château de Calonne between Tournai and Antoing.

In total Saxe had 60 battalions and 110 squadrons, of which about 6, 000 were thrown into the bridgeheads at Calonne and Vaulx to secure possible lines of retreat and / or to guard against any sortie from Tournai in the rear of his position.

It consists of the former municipalities of Antoing, Maubray, Péronnes-lez-Antoing, Bruyelle, Calonne and Fontenoy.

Apologie de la Révolution française: et de ses admirateurs anglais, en réponse aux attaques d ' Edmund Burke, avec quelques remarques sur le dernier ouvrage de M. de Calonne, Paris: F. Buisson, 362 p.

He praised Calonne, comparing him with the great Sully, and likened Louis XVI to Henry IV of France, but he ended up as the Reign of Terror's official poet.

Maria's sister, Elizabeth Branwell ( 1776 – 1842 ), moved to the parsonage, initially to nurse her dying sister, but she spent the rest of her life there raising the children.

He spent the three years at The Queen's College, Oxford after earning his bachelors as one of the university's first Rhodes Scholars, initially studying jurisprudence ( instead of science as a promise to his dying father ), and later added literature and Spanish, and earning his master's degree.

" Alone Again Or " initially peaked at No. 123 in 1968 in an edited version, while the longer, original album version spent three weeks on the singles chart in 1970 before peaking at No. 99, according to Whitburn's " Top Pop Singles: 1955-2010.

The justices in support of desegregation spent much effort convincing those who initially intended to dissent to join a unanimous opinion.

Boulez was initially part of a cadre of early supporters of Leibowitz, but due to an altercation with Leibowitz, their relations turned divisive, as Boulez spent much of his career promoting the music of Messiaen instead.

Seagal initially returned to Taos, New Mexico, with his student ( and later film stuntman ) Craig Dunn, where they opened a dojo, although Seagal spent much of his time pursuing other ventures.

Although he returned to serve as a coach for the Giants from –, he spent a good portion of that time in Saranac Lake fighting the illness, initially at the Trudeau Sanitorium, and later in a house that he had built.

Renting a room in Bloomsbury, an area of central London, he initially found it hard to gain work, but spent much time studying at the nearby British Museum and the library of the Royal Anthropological Institute.

Miyamoto and the other designers were initially unsure of which direction the game should take ; months were spent selecting a camera view and layout that would be appropriate.

* Alexander Graham Bell ( 1847 – 1922 ), inventor, spent considerable time in Haverhill initially as a tutor to the deaf son of a prominent shoe magnate who later invested in Bell's telephone concept

His childhood was initially happy as they spent their summers in Devon where his father was developing the ideas which gave rise to the craze for the marine aquarium.

While initially hesitant, in the autumn of 1910 she traveled to Capri, and from then on, except during the First World War and a few years towards the end of her life, she spent several months a year on Capri.

Latrobe initially spent time in Norfolk, where he designed the William Pennock House, then set out for Richmond, Virginia in April 1796.

At the end of the season he was paid a loyalty bonus of £ 650, though the Stoke board initially insisted he was only due £ 500 as he had spent his first two years at the club as an amateur – this attitude left a sour taste in Matthew's mouth.

Writer and director Jim Jarmusch had initially shot his first feature, Permanent Vacation ( 1980 ) as his final thesis while at New York University's film school, and spent the following four years making Stranger than Paradise.

After three months spent working for the dying Owen as a teacher at Wroxeter, Baxter read theology with Francis Garbet, the local clergyman, adding to his reading ( initially in devotional writings, of Richard Sibbes, William Perkins and Ezekiel Culverwell, as well as the Calvinist Edmund Bunny at age 14, and then in the scholastic philosophers ) orthodox Church of England theology in Richard Hooker and George Downham, and arguments from conforming puritans in John Sprint and John Burges.

The paired male initially ensured that his female spent little time alone at the nest, and accompanied her on flights, but the mate-guarding slackened after egg laying began, so the youngest nestling was the most likely to have a different father.

The Reich Chancellery bunker was initially constructed as a temporary air-raid shelter for Hitler ( who actually spent very little time in Berlin during most of the war ), but the increased bombing of Berlin led to expansion of the complex as an improvised permanent shelter.

Beaulieu had initially belonged to the Boleyns as one of their country retreats ( see Bruce, p. 33 ), before they sold it to the King who spent over £ 17, 000 lavishly refurbishing and expanding it.

Educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge, Montagu spent some time in travelling, initially going on the Grand Tour round Continental Europe before visiting the more unusual destinations of Greece, Turkey and Egypt which were then part of the Ottoman Empire.

While Schmidt initially spent his time with avant-garde musicians such as Steve Reich, La Monte Young and Terry Riley, he was also eventually exposed to the world of Andy Warhol, Hotel Chelsea and, perhaps most importantly, The Velvet Underground.

He spent his youth studying the local flora and fauna and observing both natural and human dramas on what was then a lawless frontier, publishing his ornithological work in Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society, initially in an English mingled with Spanish idioms.

This effort, carried out initially by the NIH's Advisory Committee on Computers in Research ( ACCR ), chaired by Lusted, spent over $ 40 million between 1960 and 1964 in order to establish dozens of large and small biomedical research centers in the US.

When road capacity is increased, initially there is more road space per vehicle travelling than there was before, so congestion is reduced, and therefore the time spent travelling is reduced-reducing the generalised cost of every journey ( by affecting the second " cost " mentioned in the previous paragraph ).