Relay races are also held in short track and inline competitions, but here, exchanges may take place at any time during the race, though exchanges may be banned during the last couple of laps.

Relay races feature teams comprising four runners each, who must pass a baton to their team-mate after a specified distance with the aim of being the first team to finish.

The now defunct IAAF World Road Relay Championships served as the global event for ekiden marathon relay races.

* The Ragnar Relay is a series of long distance relay races.

Relay races take the form of professional races and amateur games.

Ragnar Relay Series The world's largest relay series with 15 relay races around the United States

Relay races emerged in the United States in the 1880s as a variation on charity races between firemen, who would hand a red pennant on to team mates every 300 yards.

Other multi-terrain events, such as the Cotswold Way Relay and the Longmynd hike for example, also qualify as fell races under Fell Runners Association rules

Title IV also led to creation, in all 50 States and the District of Columbia, of what were then called dual-party relay services and now are known as Telecommunications Relay Services ( TRS ), such as STS Relay.

Some are Video Relay Service ( VRS ) calls, while others are text calls.

The modern events in which athletes compete in at the World Cup and Olympics are ( distances presented in Female / Male format ): 1 km Sprint, 2X1 km Team Sprint, 10 km / 15 km Individual Start, 15 km / 30 km Pursuit, 30 km / 50 km Mass Start, and 4x5 km / 4x10 km Relay.

If the client and server are on different subnets, a DHCP Helper or DHCP Relay Agent may be used.

In many respects, LSPs are not different from permanent virtual circuits ( PVCs ) in ATM or Frame Relay networks, except that they are not dependent on a particular layer-2 technology.

MPLS LSPs provide dynamic, transparent virtual networks with support for traffic engineering, the ability to transport layer-3 ( IP ) VPNs with overlapping address spaces, and support for layer-2 pseudowires using Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge ( PWE3 ) that are capable of transporting a variety of transport payloads ( IPv4, IPv6, ATM, Frame Relay, etc .).

Many customers are likely to migrate from Frame Relay to MPLS over IP or Ethernet within the next two years, which in many cases will reduce costs and improve manageability and performance of their wide area networks.

X. 25 was an important early WAN protocol, and is often considered to be the " grandfather " of Frame Relay as many of the underlying protocols and functions of X. 25 are still in use today ( with upgrades ) by Frame Relay.

X. 25 packets contain several fields used for error checking and flow control, most of which are not used by Frame Relay.

These Frame Relay extensions are referred to as the Local Management Interface ( LMI ).

Datalink connection identifiers ( DLCIs ) are numbers that refer to paths through the Frame Relay network.

DLCI values become DTE addresses that are unique in the Frame Relay WAN.

Frame Relay connections are often given a committed information rate ( CIR ) and an allowance of burstable bandwidth known as the extended information rate ( EIR ).

Frames that are sent in excess of the CIR are marked as discard eligible ( DE ) which means they can be dropped should congestion occur within the Frame Relay network.

For example, Ethernet and Frame Relay are common.

* There are several new telecommunications relay service technologies including IP Relay and captioned telephone technologies.

ADSL services are widely available, as are Frame Relay and other more advanced services.

VoIP & 911 issues are also relevant to Telecom Relay Services utilized by individuals with disabilities.

The full package of sixty Freeview channels ( six-multiplex ) will only be available via the main transmitter in each transmitter group, and a number of other Relay Transmitters that are deemed to be important in terms of the large coverage area they serve.

Those who rely on a local self-help relay transmitter, or other Relay transmitters covering a small village or area will only receive around eighteen channels ( three-multiplex ) after digital switchover.

For example, the HP 59501 Power Supply Programmer and HP 59306A Relay Actuator were both relatively simple HP-IB peripherals implemented only in TTL logic, using no microprocessor.

A downside to Bitnet Relay was that it was enforced network-wide as the only permitted chat system.

Today, the term may refer not only to Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ), both providing PVCs, but also to Internet Protocol ( IP ), GPRS, and other packet-switching techniques.

However, in northern Kyushu, where there is fierce competition with conventional JR rapid service, the private Nishi-Nippon Railroad, and expressway buses, Shinkansen ridership increased by only 38 percent ( compared to the now-discontinued conventional express Relay Tsubame ), falling short of estimates.

The operation of the Relay Tsubame service was unique, as it was the only station in Japan where normal trains stopped at platforms adjacent to the shinkansen platforms.

" Relay " questions are directed at only one of the teams, and " assigned " questions are directed to a single player.

A 2001 joint study by the American Radio Relay League ( ARRL ) and HomePlug Powerline Alliance showed that for modems using this technique " in general that with moderate separation of the antenna from the structure containing the HomePlug signal that interference was barely perceptible at the notched frequencies " and interference only happened when the " antenna was physically close to the power lines " ( however other frequencies still suffer from interference ).

The Uplander, Pontiac Montana SV6, Buick Terraza and Saturn Relay earned the highest rating of " Good " in the IIHS offset frontal crash test, but was rated only " Acceptable " and " Poor " in the IIHS side crash test with and without the optional side airbags, respectively.

On December 21, 2003 during his time with the Saints, he scored the touchdown in the famous play known as The River City Relay, which would have tied the game for the Saints, but only for the extra point to be missed by John Carney.

When using MPLS, Ethernet VLANs have local meaning only ( like Frame Relay PVC ).

Up until, and including, the 1994 Games, the Relay only went through England and the host nation.

The Royal Horse Artillery sounded a 21-gun salute and the last runner in the Torch Relay ran a lap of the track – created with cinders from the domestic coal fires of Leicester – and climbed the steps to the Olympic cauldron.

The remains of that stretch of track can be seen from the west end of the eastbound platform, which now houses a secure Relay Room.

* Distance Medley Relay, a track event consisting of a 1200, 400, 800, 1600 leg