" In addition to the various works of Brewster already mentioned, the following may be added: Notes and Introduction to Carlyle's translation of Legendre's Elements of Geometry ( 1824 ); Treatise on Optics ( 1831 ); Letters on Natural Magic, addressed to Sir Walter Scott ( 1832 ); The Martyrs of Science, or the Lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Kepler ( 1841 ); More Worlds than One ( 1854 ).

* Notes on the Bedouins and Wahabys ( 1831 ).

Alexis de Tocqueville, the French philosopher, witnessed the Choctaw removals while in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1831,

Alexis de Tocqueville, the French philosopher, witnessed the Choctaw removals while in Memphis, Tennessee in 1831,

In 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont were sent by the French government to study the American prison system.

This observation can be traced to Alexis de Tocqueville, the first writer to describe the United States as " exceptional " in 1831 and 1840.

The French writer Alexis de Tocqueville first wrote about it in his 1831 work, Democracy in America:

Sparks was one of the American intellectuals who received Alexis de Tocqueville during his 1831 – 32 visit to the United States.

* de Tocqueville, Alexis Journey to America ( 1831 – 1832 )

His illustrated stories such as Histoire de M. Vieux Bois ( 1827 ), first published in the USA in 1842 as The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck or Histoire de Monsieur Jabot ( 1831 ), inspired subsequent generations of German and American comic artists.

In the early 20th century, the first monster appeared in a horror film: Quasimodo, the hunchback of Notre-Dame, who had appeared in Victor Hugo's novel, Notre-Dame de Paris ( 1831 ).

* 1763 – Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron, Russian general ( d. 1831 )

" On June 27 of 1831, she died in the house at 13 rue de Savoie.

* January 19 – Anton de Bary, German biologist ( b. 1831 )

de: 1831

* January 24 – Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron, Russian general ( d. 1831 )

1831 saw the success of La Peau de Chagrin ( The Wild Ass's Skin or The Magic Skin ), a fable-like tale about a despondent young man named Raphaël de Valentin who finds an animal skin which promises great power and wealth.

* La Peau de chagrin ( 1831 )

Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot ( 1748 – 1831 ) spent ten years studying North American birds and wrote the Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l ' Amerique septentrionale ( 1807-1808 ?).

* The first head of state of Belgium after it seceded from the Dutch monarchy in 1831 was a regent ( but not a prince in his own right ), baron Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier, before the new nation, which had chosen to become a parliamentary monarchy, had its first king sworn in to the constitution.

page 52 ISBN 0-8061-2421-0 </ ref > In the 19th century, as Mexican cuisine was being memorialized, enchiladas were mentioned in the first Mexican cookbook, El cocinero mexicano (" The Mexican Chef "), published in 1831, and in Mariano Galvan Rivera's Diccionario de Cocina, published in 1845.

( Mexico City: Imprenta de Galvan a cargo de Mariano Arevalo, 1831 ), 1: 78-88.

Heinrich Anton de Bary ( 26 January 1831 – 19 January 1888 ) was a German surgeon, botanist, microbiologist, and mycologist ( fungal systematics and physiology ).

Sand conducted affairs of varying duration with Jules Sandeau ( 1831 ), Prosper Mérimée, Alfred de Musset ( summer 1833 – March 1835 ), Louis-Chrystosome Michel, Pierre-François Bocage, Félicien Mallefille, Louis Blanc, and Frédéric Chopin ( 1837 – 47 ).

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame ( French: Notre-Dame de Paris, " Our Lady of Paris ") is a novel by Victor Hugo published in 1831.

On 30 December 1831, Berlioz left France for Rome, prompted by a clause in the Prix de Rome which required winners to spend two years studying there.

* 1831: First article in Le Mercure de France au XIXe siècle

* François de Robiano ( 1830 – 1831 )

Father José Maria Zalvidea left San Juan Capistrano on or about November 25, 1842, when Mission San Luis Rey de Francia's Father Ibarra died, leaving the Mission without a resident priest for the first time ( Zalvidea had been the Mission's sole priest ever since the death of Father Josef Barona in 1831.

Following this refusal, the National Congress appointed Erasme-Louis, Baron Surlet de Chokier to be the Regent of Belgium on 25 February 1831, thus becoming the first head of state of independent Belgium.

* 1831-Alexis de Tocqueville, French aristocrat conservative political thinker and author of Democracy in America, spends a few days in the summer of 1831 in Lower Canada.

Beginning in 1831, separate individuals were elected to oversee Upper and Lower California.

It was rebuilt in 1835 by the HBC and named Upper Fort Garry to differentiate it from " the Lower Fort ," or Lower Fort Garry, 32 km downriver, which was established in 1831.

Settling in that city in 1831, he became occupied in engineering works, and his attention was then attracted to the fossils from the Lower Palaeozoic rocks of Bohemia.

The two also briefly visited Canada, spending a few days in the summer of 1831 in what was then Lower Canada ( modern-day Quebec ) and Upper Canada ( modern-day Ontario ).

File: The lock at Lower Brewers nearing completion in 1831. jpg | The lock at Lower Brewers nearing completion in 1831 by Thomas Burrowes

File: The lock at Lower Brewers nearing completion in 1831. jpg | The lock at Lower Brewers nearing completion in 1831 by Thomas Burrowes

Count Hans Karl Friedrich Anton von Diebitsch und Narden or Graf Ivan Ivanovich Diebitsch-Zabalkansky () ( 13 May 1785, Groß Leipe near Obernigk, Lower Silesia – 10 June 1831, near Pułtusk ) was a German-born soldier serving as Russian Field Marshal.

* 1831 – Upper Canada, Lower Canada and Red River Colony ( Manitoba ) – 792, 226

Reached Russia ( see Cholera Riots ), Hungary ( about 100, 000 deaths ) and Germany in 1831, London in 1832 ( more than 55, 000 persons died in the United Kingdom ), France, Canada ( Ontario ), and United States ( New York ) in the same year, and the Pacific coast of North America by 1834.

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The Officer's Barracks, built in 1831 by the British Army, has been the residence of the Governor General of Canada since 1871.

Meanwhile, the 11th Parliament of Upper Canada met in January 1831 and Mackenzie continued to denounce abuses in the province.

Mackenzie spent 1831 traveling throughout Upper Canada collecting signatures for petitions to redress Upper Canadian grievances.

In the legislative session that opened in November 1831, Mackenzie demanded investigations of the Bank of Upper Canada, the Welland Canal, King ’ s College, the revenues, and the chaplain ’ s salary.

Though Upper Canada College has accepted ethnic minorities since the first black student enrolled in 1831, their representation within the student body was initially disproportionate to the same within the city's population.

* April 30-Emily Stowe, first female doctor to practice in Canada and women's rights and suffrage activist ( b. 1831 )

Samuel Henry Harkwood ( Sam ) Livingston ( 4 February 1831 – 4 October 1897 ) came to Canada following an unsuccessful venture in the Californian gold rush of 1849, and eventually found his way to Jumping Pound, North-West Territories, in 1873 where he opened a trading post.

* March 9-Robert Machray, clergyman, missionary and first Primate of the Church of England in Canada ( b. 1831 )

1831 in Canada.

Events from the year 1831 in Canada.

1831 in Canada,

John Jones Ross, PC ( August 16, 1831 – May 4, 1901 ) was born in Quebec City, Canada.

When her husband was appointed in 1830 to administer the government of Canada, as Governor-General, from February 1831 to August 1835, the couple entertained at the Castle of St. Louis, Quebec.

Dr. Emily Howard Stowe ( May 1, 1831 – April 29, 1903 ) was the first female doctor to practice in Canada, and an activist for women's rights and suffrage.

*** Prince Edward District, Upper Canada 1831

In 1831 William Sergeant was given a lot by the Canada Company on the condition that he open an inn.