Adorno resumed his teaching duties at the university soon after his arrival, with seminars on " Kant ’ s Transcendental Dialectic ," aesthetics, Hegel, “ Contemporary Problems in the Theory of Knowledge ” and “ The Concept of Knowledge .” Adorno ’ s surprise at his students ' passionate interest in intellectual matters did not, however, blind him to continuing problems within Germany: The literary climate was dominated by writers who had remained in Germany during Hitler's rule, the government re-employed people who had been active in the Nazi apparatus and people were generally loath to own up to their own collaboration or the guilt they thus incurred.

Evoking Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire, Adam Smith, Edward Gibbon and — especially — Hegel, in 1963 he made the now-famous remark that Africa had no history prior to European exploration and colonization, saying rather that “ there is only the history of Europeans in Africa.

In the response of Karl Marx to Hegel, those poles of idealism ( spiritual ignorance and self-understanding ) are replaced with categories of materialism, wherein, for Man, spiritual ignorance becomes “ alienation ” and self-understanding becomes the “ realisation of his species-being ”; thus, the transcendent end of history results in the human triumph over alienation, and the establishment of an objectively better society.

* “ Comment ” on Robert B. Brandom, “ Some Pragmatist Themes in Hegel ’ s Idealism ”, European Journal of Philosophy vii ( 1999 ), 190-3.

* “ L ’ idealismo di Hegel come radicalizzazione di Kant ”, in Iride 34 ( 2001 ), 527-48.

* “ L ’ idealismo di Hegel come radicalizazzione di Kant ”, in Luigi Ruggiu and Italo Testa, eds., Hegel Contemporaneo: la ricezione americana di Hegel a confronto con la traduzione europea ( Milan: Guerini, 2003 ).

* “ The apperceptive I and the empirical self: towards a heterodox reading of ‘ Lordship and Bondage ’ in Hegel ’ s Phenomenology ”, Bulletin of the Hegel Society of Great Britain 47 / 48, 2003, 1-16.

Hegel says, “ When I am conscious of my freedom as inner substantive reality, I do not act ; yet if I do act and seek principles, I must try to obtain definite characters for my act.

A complete understanding of, for example, Lupasco ’ s analysis of those precursors that André Glucksmann has called “ Les Maîtres Penseurs ” – Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer and Marx – must be sought in several different books.

On the other hand, according to Hegel ’ s theory of the tragic, tragedy is “ set in train by a peripatetic act that rebounds upon the agent as a conflict between ethical powers ” ( Finlayson 500 ).

The “ Absolute " Royce defended was quite different from the ideas of Hegel and Bradley.

the angst of the philosophers after Hegel: “ a Dasein beyond metaphysics, a

The task of extinguishing this opposition within consciousness Hegel believed he had already accomplished in his book Phänomenologie des Geistes ( 1807 ) with the final attainment of Absolute Knowing: “ Absolute knowing is the truth of every mode of consciousness because ... it is only in absolute knowing that the separation of the object from the certainty of itself is completely eliminated: truth is now equated with certainty and certainty with truth .” Once thus liberated from duality, the science of thinking no longer requires an object or a matter outside of itself to act as a touchstone for its truth, but rather takes the form of its own self-mediated exposition and development which eventually comprises within itself every possible mode of rational thinking.

“ It can therefore be said ,” says Hegel, “ that this content is the exposition of God as he is in his eternal essence before the creation of nature and a finite mind .” The German word Hegel employed to denote this post-dualist form of consciousness was Begriff ( traditionally translated either as Concept or Notion ).

## Otar Lordkipanidze ( 2001 ), “ The Golden Fleece: Myth, Euhemeristic Explanation and Archaeology ”, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 20, pp. 1-38

* Stéphane Beaulac: “ The Westphalian Model in defining International Law: Challenging the Myth ”, Australian Journal of Legal History Vol.

William Arens seeks to discredit Staden's and other writers ' accounts of cannibalism in his book The Man-Eating Myth: Anthropology & Anthropophagy, where he claims that when concerning the Tupinambá, “ rather than dealing with an instance of serial documentation of cannibalism, we are more likely confronting only one source of dubious testimony which has been incorporated almost verbatim into the written reports of others claiming to be eyewitnesses .”

In “ Myth, Psychology, and Marlowe ’ s Doctor Faustus ”, Kenneth Golden explains Mephistopheles ' role representing Faustus ' alter ego constructed from his suppressed feelings.

Blaug presents the first revisionist analysis of the Poor Law in “ The Myth of the Old Poor Law and the making of the New ” arguing that the Old Poor Law did not reduce the efficiency of agricultural workers, lower wages, depress rents or compound the burden on rate payers.

In his article “ The Albanian Myth ” Russian historian and anthropologist Victor Schnirelmann demonstrated that Azerbaijani academics have been “ renaming prominent medieval Armenian political leaders, historians and writers, who lived in Karabakh and Armenia into “ Albanians .” Victor Schnirelmann argues that these efforts were first launched in the 1950s and were directed towards “ ripping the population of early medieval Karabakh off from their Armenian heritage ” and “ cleansing Azerbaijan of Armenian history .” In the 1970s, Azerbaijan made a transition from ignoring, discounting or concealing Armenian historical heritage in Soviet Azerbaijan to misattributing and mischaracterizing it as examples of Azerbaijani culture by arbitrarily declaring “ Caucasian Albanians ” as ancestors of modern Azerbaijanis.

In Michael Munn ’ s book John Wayne: The Man Behind The Myth, Wayne gives the reasons why he refused the part: “ First is that they offered it to Frank Sinatra first, but he'd hurt his hand and couldn't do it.

“ The Rise and Fall of Professional Journalism .” In Kristina Borjesson, editor, Into the Buzzsaw: Leading Journalists Expose the Myth of the Free Press.

“ Mythos Odessa: Wahrheit oder Legende ?” (“ The Myth of ODESSA: Truth or Legend ?”)

“ Gwendolyn MacEwen ’ s ‘ The Nine Arcana of the Kings ’ as Creative Myth and Paradigm .” English Studies in Canada 15. 2 ( 1988 ): 204-217.

“ Gwendolyn MacEwen's Trojan Women: Old Myth into New Life .” Canadian Woman Studies 8. 3 ( 1987 ): 81-83.

“ The Changing Woman ” is a Navajo Myth that gave credit to a woman who, in the end, populated the world.

“ Roots: A New Black Myth ”, Southern Quarterly 17.

* Bremmer, Jan. “ Rationalization and Disenchantment in Ancient Greece: Max Weber among the Pythagoreans and Orphics ?” From Myth to Reason: Studies in the Development of Greek Thought.

“ Tearing Apart the Zagreus Myth: A Few Disparaging Remarks on Orphism and Original Sin .” Classical Antiquity 18. 1 ( 1999 ): 35-73.

“ Tearing Apart the Zagreus Myth: A Few Disparaging Remarks on Orphism and Original Sin .” Classical Antiquity 18. 1 ( 1999 ): 35-73.

For example, accordingly to folklorist Barre Toelken, the poetic beauty and power of Native American texts like “ The Sun's Myth ” have been restored “ because a dedicated anthropological folklorist and linguist, Dell Hymes, dedicated a good part of his life to resuscitating a dry, written text collected.

When Hymes retranslated “ The Sun ’ s Myth ,” he recovered the poetic and stylistic devices that were used in the original recorded performance, but which had been lost in the myth ’ s earlier translation by Franz Boas.

Given a field F, the assertion “ F is algebraically closed ” is equivalent to other assertions:

Given that both A and not-A are seen to be “ true ,” Kant concludes that it ’ s not that “ God doesn ’ t exist ” but that there is something wrong with how we are asking questions about God and how we have been using our rational faculties to talk about universals ever since Plato got us started on this track!

Similarly, Hare refers to “ the crude caricature of act utilitarianism which is the only version of it that many philosophers seem to be acquainted with .” Given what Bentham says about second order evils it would be a serious misrepresentation to say that he and similar act utilitarians would be prepared to punish an innocent person for the greater good.

" As Shelly Kagan says, “ Given the parameters of the actual world, there is no question that …( maximally )… promoting the good would require a life of hardship, self-denial, and austerity … a life spent promoting the good would be a severe one indeed .”

The inscription reads: “ Belonging to Ahaz ( son of ) Yehotam, King of Judah .” Given the process that created and preserved bullae, they are virtually impossible to forge.

With regard to African Americans, Gilman wrote in the American Journal of Sociology: “ The problem, is this: Given: in the same country, Race A, progressed in social evolution, say, to Status 10 ; and Race B, progressed in social evolution, say, to Status 4..

Denis MacShane, a former Foreign Office minister, said: “ Given the appalling suffering and repression of the Bahraini people, it would be a fitting gesture for the Countess of Wessex to auction these trinkets and distribute the proceeds to the victims of the regime .”

Given the Nazi predilection for “ racial purity ”, the Roma were among their first victims.

* “ Comment on Richard Schantz, ‘ The Given Regained ’”, in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research lxii ( 2001 ), 181-5

Given that Unferth shows his dislike for Beowulf early in the story, Unferth ’ s choice to award Beowulf with Hrunting, which means “ thrusting ,” can be interpreted as a sign of peace and acceptance.

* Not being automatically granted the luxury of a “ diagnostic period .” Given that they know the company, COO ’ s turned CEO ’ s are often expected to hit the ground running when in actuality they too need to enter diagnostic mode to fully understand their new role and to see the Company from a new perspective.

* Given “ Medalla de la Universidad de Alcala de Henares ” and “ Medalla de Oro de la Ciudad de Zamora ”, Spain, 2005

Given the existence of important public policy goals on both sides, a city seeking to maximize walkability should not favor cul-de-sacs over grids, but should also allow some cul-de-sacs as a legitimate residential option ’ ... ‘ In addition, there are “ middle ground ” alternatives between prohibiting cul-de-sacs and mandating them.

Another partition of the given interval, Q, is defined as a refinement of the partition, P, when it contains all the points of P and possibly some other points as well ; the partition Q is said to be “ finer ” than P. Given two partitions, P and Q, one can always form their common refinement, denoted P ∨ Q, which consists of all the points of P and Q, re-numbered in order.

Given a set of data and the desire to produce some kind of “ model ” of those data ( model, in this case, meaning a function fitted through the data ), there are a variety of functions that can be chosen for the fit.

Apart from the very rare “ Kirill of Turov ’ ( even when this designation occurs, it tends to be just one of several variant readings ), the headings in ‘ his ’ manuscripts include “ Kirill the monk ,” “ Kirill the philosopher ,” ‘ Saint Kirill ,” “ The Blessed father Kirill ,” “ the blessed monk Kirill ,” “ Kirill the unworthy monk ,” “ the venerable Kirill .” Given this variety of labels, ‘ Kirill ’ s ’ texts invite several candidates for being their more likely authors ( writers whose existence has been substantiated with historical facts ).