Accordingly, it is the aim of this essay to advance a new theory of imitation ( which I shall call mimesis in order to distinguish it from earlier theories of imitation ) and a new theory of invention ( which I shall call symbol for reasons to be stated hereafter ).

Reactionary theories, for this reason, usually assume some form of organismic theory.

Should Rousseau have been able to leave room in his social theory for the advent of television, atomic energy, and IBM machines??

The strongest appeal of the Copernican formulation consisted in just this: ideally, the justification for dealing with special problems in particular ways is completely set out in the basic ' rules ' of the theory.

The point is that an ethical critic, with an assist from Freud, can seize on this theory to argue that tragedy provides us with a harmless outlet for our hostile urges.

But beginning, for all practical purposes, with Frederick Seebohm's English Village Community scholars have had to reckon with a theory involving institutional and agrarian continuity between Roman and Anglo-Saxon times which is completely at odds with the reigning concept of the Anglo-Saxon invasions.

In the face of a clear judgment from archaeology, therefore, it became impossible for a time for scholars to re-adopt the `` shore settled by '' theory.

A credulousness, a distaste for documentation, an uncritical reliance on contemporary accounts, and a proneness to assume a theory as true before adequate proof was provided were all evidences of his failure to comprehend the use of the scientific method or to evaluate the responsibilities of the historian to his reading public.

The general theory of resonance shifts is used to derive a general expression for the second moment Af of a polycrystalline paramagnetic sample and is specialized to Af.

In theory, compulsive behavior is a way of diminishing anxiety, and one might expect a negative association except for the possibility that for many children the obsessive-compulsive defenses are not sufficient to quell the amount of anxiety they suffer.

According to the theory proposed, this is a consequence of the severe condition of perceived threat that persists unabated for the anxious child in an ambiguous sort of school environment.

The third need is for better theory.

We should expect that general phonologic theory should be as adequate for tone as for consonants and vowels, but it has not been.

This can only be for one of two reasons: either the two are quite different and will require totally different theory ( and hence techniques ), or our existing theories are insufficiently general.

If, as I suspect, the problem is largely of the second sort, then development of a theory better able to handle tone will result automatically in better theory for all phonologic subsystems.

A few of his examples are of very great interest, and the whole discussion of some importance for theory.

What with traders trading for so many different objectives, and what with there being so many unique and individualized market theories and trading techniques in use, and more coming into use all the time, it is hard to imagine how any particular theory or technique could acquire enough `` fans '' to invalidate itself.

Thus while his theory or technique may not be oversubscribed, it is commonplace for bullish and bearish positions to become temporarily over-subscribed.

To find a place for them in their theory of knowledge would require them to revise the theory radically, and yet that theory was what they regarded as their most important discovery.

The earliest and most direct kinds of observational evidence are the Hubble-type expansion seen in the redshifts of galaxies, the detailed measurements of the cosmic microwave background, the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and today also the large scale distribution and apparent evolution of galaxies predicted to occur due to gravitational growth of structure in the standard theory.

Following the work on expected utility theory of Ramsey and von Neumann, decision-theorists have accounted for rational behavior using a probability distribution for the agent.

Johann Pfanzagl completed the Theory of Games and Economic Behavior by providing an axiomatization of subjective probability and utility, a task left uncompleted by von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern: their original theory supposed that all the agents had the same probability distribution, as a convenience.

In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function ( CDF ), or just distribution function, describes the probability that a real-valued random variable X with a given probability distribution will be found at a value less than or equal to x.

Widespread distribution of Permo-Carboniferous glacial sediments in South America, Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, India, Antarctica and Australia was one of the major pieces of evidence for the theory of continental drift.

For example, the Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture from number theory that ( amongst other things ) makes predictions about the distribution of prime numbers.

But the theory refers only to aggregate wealth and says nothing about the distribution of wealth ; in fact there may be significant losers, in particular among the recently protected industries with a comparative disadvantage.

However, it developed an alternative theory of value and distribution.

* In probability theory and statistics, the gamma distribution is a two-parameter family of continuous probability distributions.

Joseph Boussinesq ( a mathematician and physicist ) developed theories of stress distribution in elastic solids that proved useful for estimating stresses at depth in the ground ; William Rankine, an engineer and physicist, developed an alternative to Coulomb's earth pressure theory.

In probability theory and statistics, kurtosis ( from the Greek word κυρτός, kyrtos or kurtos, meaning bulging ) is any measure of the " peakedness " of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable.

* In probability theory, lambda represents the density of occurrences within a time interval, as modeled by the Poisson distribution.

The likelihood theory claims that the distribution of the voltage measurements depends on the probability that an instrument not used in this experiment was broken at the time.

In statistics and probability theory, median is described as the numerical value separating the higher half of a sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.

Critical media theory looks at how the corporate ownership of media production and distribution affects society, and provides a common ground to social conservatives ( concerned by the effects of media on the traditional family ) and liberals and socialists ( concerned by the corporatization of social discourse ).

In probability theory and statistics, central moments form one set of values by which the properties of a probability distribution can be usefully characterised.

Properties of the natural numbers related to divisibility, such as the distribution of prime numbers, are studied in number theory.

" No attempt will here be made even to pass a verdict on the relative claims of the recognized two or three main " schools " of theory, beyond the somewhat obvious finding that, for the purpose in hand, the so-called Austrian school is scarcely distinguishable from the neo-classical, unless it be in the different distribution of emphasis.

Classical economics, developed in the 18th and 19th centuries, included a value theory and distribution theory.

This was explored in a major debate in the 1960s — the " Cambridge capital controversy "— about the validity of neoclassical economics, with an emphasis on the economic growth, capital, aggregate theory, and the marginal productivity theory of distribution.

File: James Clerk Maxwell. png | James Clerk Maxwell ( 1831-1879 ): united electricity, magnetism, and optics into a consistent electromagnetic theory, formulated Maxwell ’ s equations to show that electricity, magnetism and light are manifestations of the electromagnetic field, developed the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution ( statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases )

The Copernican theory of the solar system – that the Earth revolved annually about the Sun – had received confirmation by the observations of Galileo and Tycho Brahe ( who, however, never accepted heliocentrism ), and the mathematical investigations of Kepler and Newton.

In a 1919 test of the general theory of relativity, stars ( marked with short horizontal lines ) were photographed during a solar eclipse.

In 1750 the English astronomer Thomas Wright, in his An original theory or new hypothesis of the Universe, speculated ( correctly ) that the galaxy might be a rotating body of a huge number of stars held together by gravitational forces, akin to the solar system but on a much larger scale.

' In 1989, Jerry Mahlman ( a proponent of anthropogenic global warming theory ) used the phrase ' noisy junk science ' in reference to the alternative theory of global warming due to solar variation presented in Scientific Perspectives on the Greenhouse Problem by Frederick Seitz et al.

* Even if life were to survive the hardships of space, or further, was being created in space, these would be very enduring life forms, as the theory itself proposes, and they would have already visibly populated and altered Venus and Mars as well as other moons in the solar system.

His observations of the moons of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, the spots on the sun, and mountains on the moon all helped to discredit the Aristotelian philosophy and the Ptolemaic theory of the solar system.

Established critical philosophy on a systematic basis, proposed a material theory for the origin of the solar system, wrote on ethics and morals.

Churten theory, as developed by the physicists of Anarres, should allow people to go instantly from solar system to solar system.

Wang Chong also accurately described the water cycle in meteorology, and argued against the mainstream ' radiating influence ' theory for solar eclipses, the latter of which was accepted by many, including Zhang Heng.

** Einstein's theory of general relativity is tested by Arthur Eddington's observation of the " bending of light " during a total solar eclipse in Principe, and by Andrew Crommelin in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil ( confirmed November 19 ).

Strikingly similar folkloric aspects of the number 13 have been noted in various cultures around the world: one theory is that this is due to the cultures employing lunar-solar calendars ( there are approximately 12. 41 lunations per solar year, and hence 12 " true months " plus a smaller, and often portentous, thirteenth month ).

The discovery and application of Newton's law of gravity accounts for the detailed information we have about the planets in our solar system, the mass of the Sun, the distance to stars, quasars and even the theory of dark matter.

This theory was confirmed in 1919 during a solar eclipse, when Arthur Eddington observed the light from stars passing close to the Sun was slightly bent, so that stars appeared slightly out of position.

According to the solar theory, King Sisyphus is the disk of the sun that rises every day in the east and then sinks into the west.

At Ursinus he worked for several years developing a digital electronic computing machine to test the theory that solar fluctuations, sun spots in particular, affect our weather.

These have included Gravity Probe B, an experiment to test two predictions of Einstein's general theory of relativity, and Solar-B, an international mission to study the solar magnetic field and origins of the solar wind, a phenomenon that affects radio transmission on the Earth.

These various suggested equations combined with the popular solar theory hypotheses of the day generated a single theoretical sun god: Baal.

( We developed ) a theory to explain how solar protons can diffuse inward and gain energy in the Earth's magnetic field.

A more modern theory attributes tree growth during a time of global cold temperatures during the Little Ice Age associated with unusually low solar activity of the Maunder Minimum, circa 1645 to 1750, during which cooler temperatures throughout Europe are believed to have caused stunted and slowed tree growth, resulting in unusually dense wood.

Its spectral capabilities have resulted in many breakthrough discoveries, such as the detection of planets outside our solar system and direct evidence for a model of the Big Bang theory.

The investigation was probably the most laborious that had been made up to Airy's time in planetary theory, and represented the first specific improvement in the solar tables effected in England since the establishment of the theory of gravitation.