Bosschaert became one of the first artists to specialise in still life, and in doing so he started a tradition of painting detailed flower bouquets, which typically consisted of tulips, roses and an exotic species.

In 1709 he became professor of botany and medicine, and in that capacity he did good service, not only to his own university, but also to botanical science, by his improvements and additions to the botanic garden of Leiden, and by the publication of numerous works descriptive of new species of plants.

Mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, pterosaurs and many species of plants and invertebrates also became extinct.

Numerous species of benthic foraminifera became extinct during the K – Pg extinction event, presumably because they depend on organic debris for nutrients, since the biomass in the ocean is thought to have decreased.

Further analysis of the coral extinctions shows that approximately 98 % of colonial species, ones that inhabit warm, shallow tropical waters, became extinct.

Except for nautiloids ( represented by the modern order Nautilida ) and coleoids ( which had already diverged into modern octopodes, squids, and cuttlefish ) all other species of the molluscan class Cephalopoda became extinct at the K – T boundary.

In North America, approximately 57 % of plant species became extinct.

Smaller pterosaurs became extinct prior to the Maastrichtian during a period that saw a decline in smaller animal species while larger species became more prevalent.

The tests using toads were faster than those employing mammals ; the toads were easier to raise, and, although the initial 1948 discovery employed Bufo arenarum for the tests, it soon became clear that a variety of anuran species were suitable, including the cane toad.

It is thought that this species migrated to South America where it became the ancestor of Canis dirus, the dire wolf.

About 17 % of all families, 50 % of all genera and 75 % of species became extinct.

The family became relatively diverse during the Miocene, with many new species appearing.

The separate species and subspecies developed from a single type of gorilla during the Ice Age, when their forest habitats shrank and became isolated from each other.

With its increasing rarity, specimens of the Great Auk and its eggs became collectible and highly prized by rich Europeans, and the loss of a large number of its eggs to collection contributed to the demise of the species.

c. 1500, several species became extinct after Polynesian settlers arrived, including:

Starting c. 1500, a number of species became extinct upon human settlement of the islands, including:

Early humans became the only one of the 193 primate species to have fleas, which can be attributed to the close living arrangements of large groups of individuals.

Numerous giant lemur species vanished with the arrival of human settlers to the island, while others became extinct over the course of the centuries as a growing human population put greater pressures on lemur habitats and, among some populations, increased the rate of lemur hunting for food.

The lower ( Triassic ) boundary is set by the Permian-Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90 % to 96 % of marine species and 70 % of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct.

90 % to 95 % of marine species became extinct, as well as 70 % of all land organisms.

Given that a far greater proportion of species and individual organisms became extinct during the former, doubt is cast on the significance of a meteor impact in creating the latter.

However, over the course of millions of years, many species became extinct due to climatic change, newer, coarser-leaved plants, predators, disease, and competition from other herbivores, particularly the artiodactyls.

It seems to me that the first human being to reach one of these planets may well learn what it is to be a truly great and noble species ''.

He concluded that in the southern species, which are rapidly growing types, females mate at the age of two and a half and bear the first young when they are three.

On chemical grounds it seems most likely that iodide is first converted to Af and then to Af as the active iodinating species.

For a chemical process the first of these might involve the concentrations of the different chemical species, and the temperature or pressure of the stream.

Wallace did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the Wallace Line that divides the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts, one in which animals closely related to those of Australia are common, and one in which the species are largely of Asian origin.

According to Ferdinand Bohlmann, the first naturally occurring acetylenic compound, dehydromatricaria ester, was isolated from an Artemisia species in 1826.

Although those of many marine species function first as males and then as females, their colonies always contain a combination of zooids that are in their male and female stages.

He used a two-part naming scheme where the first name represented the genus and the second the species.

This weedy species in the mustard family ( Brassicaceae ) was one of the first plants to have its genome sequenced.

Strutt ( Sports and Pastimes ) suggests that the first player's bowl may have been regarded by the second player as a species of jack ; but in that case it is not clear what was the first player's target.

Other common names for the blue whale have included Sibbald's rorqual ( after Sibbald, who first described the species ), the great blue whale and the great northern rorqual.

The first known usage of the term blue whale was in Melville's Moby-Dick, which only mentions it in passing and does not specifically attribute it to the species in question.

Carnivorans have either four or five digits on each foot, with the first digit on the forepaws, also known as the dew claw, being vestigial in most species and absent in some.

Hesperocyonine canids first appeared in North America, and the earliest species is currently dated at 39. 74 mya, but they were not represented in Europe until well into the Miocene, and not into Asia and Africa until the Pliocene.

After five to six weeks these are weaned and become fully mature near the end of their first year or sometime in their second year, depending on the species.

The rapid diversification of lifeforms in the Cambrian, known as the Cambrian explosion, produced the first representatives of many modern phyla, representing the evolutionary stems of modern groups of species, such as the arthropods.

This was in contradiction to Ernst Haeckel's theory that the complete phylogeny of a species would be repeated during embryonic development, including generation of the first nucleated cell from a " Monerula ", a structureless mass of primordial mucus (" Urschleim ").

However, molecules that are larger than the average pore size of the packing are excluded and thus suffer essentially no retention ; such species are the first to be eluted.

*** Canis edwardii () †, first species of wolf in North America )

*** Canis ( Eucyon ) cipio ( 8. 2 Ma †, probably first species of Canis genus )

One of the first proposed estimates of the total number of beetle species on the planet is based on field data rather than on catalog numbers.

All cultures have creation myths ; they are our primary myths, the first stage in what might be called the psychic life of the species.

In the second volume of the first edition of Principles Lyell explicitly rejected the mechanism of Lamark on the transmutation of species, and was doubtful whether species were mutable.