The madh ' hab he observed was Imam Al-Shafi ‘ i, with similar customs as he had seen in coastal India especially among the Mappila Muslim, who were also the followers of Imam Al-Shafi ‘ i. Ibn Battuta then sailed to Malacca, Vietnam, the Philippines and finally Quanzhou in Fujian province, China.

* April 20 – Jafar al-Sadiq, descendant of Muhammad, Shī ‘ ah Imām, and Muslim scholar ( d. 765 )

Both Western and Muslim histories agree that while trying to stop the retreat, ‘ Abd-al-Raḥmân became surrounded, which led to his death, and the Umayyad troops then withdrew altogether to their camp.

It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah ( Radiallhu Anhu ) that the Messenger of Allah said: “( The Dua ) of any one of you will be answered so long as he is not hasty in seeking a response and does not say, ‘ I prayed but I have not had a response .’” by al-Bukhari, 5981 ; Muslim, 2735

Muhammad said: “ Allah, may He be exalted, says: ‘ I am as My slave thinks I am .’” by al-Bukhari, 7405 ; Muslim, 4675

The Prophet said: “ Let not any one of you say, ‘ O Allah, forgive me if You will, O Allah, have mercy on me if You will .’ Let him be resolute in the matter, whilst knowing that no one can compel Allah to do anything .” by al-Bukhari and Muslim

Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman (, ‘ Umar ‘ Abd ar-Raḥman ; born 3 May 1938 ), commonly known in the United States as " The Blind Sheikh ", is a blind Egyptian Muslim leader who is currently serving a life sentence at the Butner Medical Center which is part of the Butner Federal Correctional Institution in Butner, North Carolina, United States.

Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid al-Fitr, Id-ul-Fitr, or Id al-Fitr ( عيد الفطر ‘ Īdu l-Fiṭr ), often abbreviated to Eid, is a Muslim holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting ( sawm ).

He refers to fatwahs issued by fundamentalists such as " every Muslim who pleads for the suspension of the shari ‘ a is an apostate and can be killed ".

Ibn ‘ Arabī ’ s dogmatic and intellectual training began in Seville, then the cultural and civilized center of Muslim Iberia, in 578 AH.

As for those who do not think of Ibn ‘ Arabi and the Sufis except as a pure light in front of them, and believe in their sainthood – how can a Muslim attack them by accus ¬ ing them of disbe ¬ lief?

Abū Hamīd bin Abū Bakr Ibrāhīm ( 1145-1146-c. 1221 ; ), better known by his pen-names Farīd ud-Dīn ( فریدالدین ) and ‘ Attār ( عطار-" the perfumer "), was a Persian Muslim poet, theoretician of Sufism, and hagiographer from Nīshāpūr who had an abiding influence on Persian poetry and Sufism.

Before Hulegu set forth toward Persia, the threat to the Muslim world posed by the swelling Mongol force was perceived by the Ismaili Imam ‘ Ala al-Din Muhammad, who in 1238 joined the Abbasid caliph, al-Mustansir, in appealing to the European monarchs of England and France to coalesce in a Christian-Muslim alliance against the Mongols.

He declared his Islam in dramatic fashion after delivering a talk on ‘ Islam and Progress ' on November 29, 1917, to the Muslim Literary Society in Notting Hill, West London.

As the burial site of Islam's second most important figure, the Imām ‘ Alī Mosque is considered by all Shias as the third holiest Islamic site The Boston Globe reports “ for the world's nearly 120 million Muslim Shias, Najaf is the third holiest city, behind Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia.

These are revered in Sunni Islamic orthodoxy and their example used in understanding the texts and tenets of Islam by Sunni theologians since the fifth Muslim generation or earlier, sometimes to differentiate the creed of the first Muslims from subsequent variations in creed and methodology ( see Madhab ), to oppose religious innovation ( bid ‘ ah ) and, conversely, to defend particular views and practices.

The migration of Muslim Brotherhood members from Egypt to Saudi Arabia and Saudi King Faisal's " embrace of Salafi pan-Islamism resulted in cross-pollination between Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab's teachings on tawhid, shirk and bid ‘ ah and Salafi interpretations of the sayings of Muhammad.

The stated mission of SIMI is the ‘ liberation of India ’ from Western materialistic cultural influence and to convert its Muslim society to live according to Muslim code of conduct.

According to Ar-Rahīq al-Makhtum, a modern Islamic hagiography of Muhammad written by the Indian Muslim author Saif ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri, the reason for war against the Byzantine Empire, was that one of Muhammad's ambassadors was killed by Sharhabeel bin ‘ Amr Al-Ghassani ( the governor of Al-Balqa ).

Abu ʿAbdullah Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi ‘ i () was a Muslim jurist, who lived from ( 767 — 820 CE / 150 — 204 AH ).

or 17th Rabī ‘ al-Awwal 83 AH – 25th Shawwāl 148 AH ) was a descendant of Ali and a prominent Muslim jurist.

* ‘ Media Studies: Text, Production and Context ' - Book by Paul Long and Tim Wall from Birmingham City University, Pearson Education, 2009

‘ History of Islamic origins of Western Education AD 800-1350 ’, University of Colorado Press, Boulder, Colorado,

* In June 2010 the Faculty of Education and Sport retained the highest possible rating of ‘ Outstanding ’ for its primary and secondary initial teacher education ( teacher training ) provision, following inspection by Ofsted.

In the same year, Ward contributed to Education Without Schools ( edited by Peter Buckman ) discussing ‘ the role of the state ’.

( 2010 ) ‘ The Bonded Labour Practice in Nepal: “ The Promise of Education ” as a Magnet of Child Bondedness ?’ South Asia Research, 30 ( 2 ): 145-64

Also, on Thursday 31 May, the Times Higher Education published its ‘ 100 under 50 ’ table.

Van Paasschen ’ s idea of a museum with a strong education mission however was implemented from the very beginning, expressed by the museum ’ s previous name ‘ Museum for Education ’.

Starting as a private museum the ‘ Museum for Education ’ was taken over by the municipality of The Hague in 1920.

‘ An attentional model for the conceptual construction of units and number ’, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 12: 2, 83-94.

The important events in media education development in Russia are the registration of the new specialization ( since 2002 ) for the pedagogical universities – ‘ Media Education ’ (№ 03. 13. 30 ), and the launch of a new academic journal ‘ Media Education ’ ( since January 2005 ), partly sponsored by the ICOS UNESCO ‘ Information for All ’.

In 2007 the John Warner School received congratulations from Mr Jim Knight, Minister of State for Education for being placed 24th in the ‘ 100 most improved schools in the country ’.

With devotion to Mahatma Gandhi ’ s revolutionary concept of ‘ Nai Talim ’ system of education, Gandhigram Rural Institute has developed academic programmes in Rural Development, Rural Economics and Extension Education, Rural Oriented Sciences, Cooperation, Development Administration, Rural Sociology, English and Communicative Studies, and, Tamil and Indian Languages.

A 2012 study by the Asian Development Bank and the Comparative Education Research Centre at the University of Hong Kong recommended policymakers across the region take a closer look at how ‘ shadow education ’ affects family budgets, children ’ s time, and national education systems.

The university has won its campus the award for ‘ Outstanding Contribution to Sustainable Development ’ in The Times Higher Education Awards two years running.

* ‘ Disadvantage and Education ’ with Jo Mortimore ( Heinemann, 1982 )

In Education and the University ( 1943 ), Leavis argued that ‘ there is a prior cultural achievement of language ; language is not a detachable instrument of thought and communication.

One of these projects is ‘ Pathways through Education ’ – a programme aimed at

It was declared the ‘ Entrepreneurial University of the Year ,' 2010 by Times Higher Education.

The University of Hertfordshire won the prestigious Times Higher Education ‘ Entrepreneurial University of the Year ’ award, 2010.

‘ Dating the Baptism of Clovis .’ In Early Medieval Europe, volume 7, pages 29 – 57.

One of the Arabic translations, ‘ Kitab ila Aglooqan fi Shifa al Amraz ’, which is extant in the Library of Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, is regarded as a masterpiece of Galen's literary works.

‘ On the origin and development of the college in Islam and the West ’, in Islam and the Medieval West, ed.

* Joshua F. Drake, ‘ Randomness and Patterns: repeated texts in Petrucci ’ s Motet Prints ’, paper given at the Annual Medieval and Renaissance Music Conference, Jena, Germany, July 2003.

* Brudndage, J. A., ‘ Richard the Lion-Heart and Byzantium ’, Studies in Medieval Culture 6-7 ( 1970 ), 63-70 and reprinted in J. A.

Stephen D. Dumont quotes Godfrey, in the book Philosophical Debates at Paris in the Early 14th Century, that “ Medieval sources are nearly unanimous in identifying Godfrey as a prominent source for the unusual but very influential account of intention and remission known as the ‘ succession of forms.

Medieval Buddhism in turn developed original sectarian positions which show a vigorous inclination to ‘ Japanify ’ and propagate native versions of that universal faith, and the form this reaction takes shows a heightened awareness of a unique national mission and identity.

* Flanagan M. T., ‘ Household favorites: Angevin royal agents in Ireland under Henry II and John ’ found in Smith A. P., ‘ Studies in Early Medieval Irish Archaeology, History and Literature ’, Dublin ( 2000 ).

* Lydon J., ‘ The English in Medieval Ireland ’, Dublin ( 1984 ).

* Otway-Ruthven A. J., ‘ A History of Medieval Ireland ’, London ( 1968 )

Among his thirteen works in Arabic and other languages were Imam Shāfi ‘ ī and the Founding of Medieval Ideology and The Critique of Religious Discourse.

* " Medieval Tales: Neorealist ‘ Science ’ and the Abuse of History ", ( together with Rodney Hall ), International Organization, vol.

* Peverley, Sarah L., ‘ Dynasty and Division: The Depiction of King and Kingdom in John Hardyng ’ s Chronicle ’, in The Medieval Chronicle III: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Medieval Chronicle Doorn / Utrecht 12 – 17 July 2002, ed.

* Peverley, Sarah L., ‘ Political Consciousness and the Literary Mind in Late Medieval England: ‘ Men “ Brought up of Nought ” in Vale, Hardyng, Mankind, and Malory ,’ Studies in Philology, 105 ( 2008 ), 1-29.

* M. Herren, " The ‘ Greek Element ’ in the Cosmography of Aethicus Ister ", Journal of Medieval Latin, 11 ( 2001 ), pp. 184-200.

* Eugenia Russell, ‘ Nicholas Kavasilas Chamaëtos ( c. 1322 – c. 1390 ), a unique voice amongst his contemporaries ’, Nottingham Medieval Studies 54 ( 2010 ), 123 – 37

* Hana Taragan, " Constructing a Visual Rhetoric: Images of Craftsmen and Builders in the Umayyad Palace at Qusayr ‘ Amra ," Al-Masaq: Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean, 20, 2 ( 2008 ), 141-160.

* Hans H. Aurenhammer, ‘ Max Dvořák and the History of Medieval Art ’ Journal of Art Historiography Number 2 June 2010

Iqbal Husain ‘ Sixteenth and Seventieth Century Documents from the Farangi Mahall Collection ( with a calendar of select Documents )’, in Papers on Medieval Indian History submitted to the Indian History Congress, Aligarh, 1975 by members of the Center of Advanced Study, Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University