Rose water has a very distinctive flavour and is used heavily in Persian and Mesopotamian cuisine — especially in sweets such as nougat, raahat and baklava.

* Rose and nightingale in Persian art

According to legend, Christian Rosenkreuz was a doctor who discovered and learned esoteric wisdom on a pilgrimage to the Middle East among Turkish, Arab, and Persian sages, possibly Sufi or Zoroastrian masters, supposedly in the early 15th century ( see section below on Symbolism ); returned and founded the " Fraternity of the Rose Cross " with himself ( Frater C. R. C.

* Rāmtin Almāsi, The Confidant of the Red Rose, in Persian, Jadid Online, 21 April 2010:.

The Rose and the Nightingale: the Role of Poetry in Persian Culture

* Rose & Nightingale ; An Introduction to Persian Literature and Mysticism

The 1st Battalion 37th Armor ( 1st Armored Division ) from Rose Barracks, Vilseck, Germany, commanded by LTC Edward L. Dyer, was alerted for deployment to the Persian Gulf on 8 November 1990.

Poetry in Persian life is far more than a common ground on which -- in a society deeply fissured by antagonisms -- all may stand.

Poetry for a Persian is nothing less than truth and beauty.

Here in these little rooms -- or stages arched open to the sky and river -- they choose a few lines out of the hundreds they may know and sing them according to one of the modes into which Persian music is divided.

Arabic is also widely used, sometimes as an abjad ( as with Urdu and Persian ) and sometimes as a complete alphabet ( as with Kurdish and Uyghur ).

Afghanistan ( Persian / Pashto:, Afġānistān ), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and to some extent Western Asia.

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm ( originating from al-Khwārizmī, the famous Persian mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī ) is a step-by-step procedure for calculations.

One of Avicenna's important Persian work is the Daaneshnaame ( literally: the book of knowledge ) for Prince ' Ala ad-Daulah ( the local Buyid ruler ).

Persian poetry from Ibn Sina is recorded in various manuscripts and later anthologies such as Nozhat al-Majales.

In Turkish, Germany is Almanya and German is Alman, and in Persian Germany is Almaan, and German is Almaani.

Ahmad Shah Durrani ( c. 1722 – 1773 ) ( Pashto /), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī ( Pashto / Persian: احمد شاه ابدالي ) and born as Ahmad < u > Kh </ u > ān, was the founder of the Durrani Empire ( Afghan Empire ) in 1747 and is regarded by many to be the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan .</ poem >

He is generally considered a world conquest military genius, given his successful strategy: he attempted to close all the Indian Ocean naval passages to the Atlantic, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and to the Pacific, transforming it into a Portuguese mare clausum established over the Ottoman power and their Muslim and Hindu allies .< ref >

Anah, or Ana, is an Iraqi town on the Euphrates river, approximately mid-way between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Persian Gulf.

A variant of the Eastern Arabic numerals used in the Persian and Urdu languages is shown as East Arabic-Indic.

It lies on Abadan Island ( long, 3 – 19 km or 2 – 12 miles wide, the island is bounded in the west by the Arvand waterway and to the east by the Bahmanshir outlet of the Karun River ), from the Persian Gulf, near the Iraqi-Iran border.

This " Persian debris " is the richest archaeological deposit excavated on the Acropolis and is well known throughout Greece.

In addition, there is no evidence whatsoever in Assyrian, Babylonian, Median, Persian, Greek or Egyptian records of the time mentioning deportations of Assyrians from their homelands

Other important Arabic astrologers include Albumasur and Al Khwarizmi, the Persian mathematician, astronomer and astrologer, who is considered the father of algebra and the algorithm.

* 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persian at Ar-Raqqah ( northern Syria ).

Afghan ( Pashto / Persian: افغان ; see etymology ) is used to indicate a citizen of Afghanistan.

Polybius tells that 28 years after the expulsion of the last Persian king Xerxes crossed over to Greece, and that event is fixed to 478 BC by two solar eclipses.

He is most remembered for his valor in battle and his failed attempts to modernize the Persian army.

* The primary tabby pattern gene, Mc / mc, sets the basic pattern of stripes that underlies the coat: the basic wild-type tabby gene, Mc, produces what is called a mackerel striped tabby ( stripes look like thin fishbones and may break up into bars or spots ); while a recessive mutant, mc, produces a blotched or classic tabby pattern ( broad bands, whorls, and spirals of dark color on pale background usually with bulls-eye or oyster pattern on flank ), common in Iran, Great Britain and in lands that were once part of the British Empire and Persian Empire.

" Roses of Muhammad " ( " gole mohammadi ", literally: Muhammed flower ) is a traditional Persian synonym for variety of pink rose flowering shrub.

The most common variety is ' Miss Jekyll ' which has blue flowers, but the more recent ' Persian Jewels ' is a mixture of white, pink, lavender and blue flowers.

Albizia julibrissin ( Persian silk tree, pink silk tree ) is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae, native to southwestern and eastern Asia.

Albizia julibrissin is known by a wide variety of common names, such as Persian silk tree or pink siris.

It was a fortunate time in which to build, for the seventeenth century was a great period in Persian art.

Those three other great activities of the Persians, the bath, the teahouse, and the zur khaneh ( the latter a kind of club in which a leader and a group of men in an octagonal pit move through a rite of calisthenics, dance, chanted poetry, and music ), do not take place in buildings to which entrance tickets are sold, but some of them occupy splendid examples of Persian domestic architecture: long, domed, chalk-white rooms with daises of turquoise tile, their end walls cut through to the orchards and the sky by open arches.

These songs ( practically all Persian music, for that matter ) are limited to a range of two octaves.

Traveling through the South -- over 16,000 miles -- with two Great Danes, an Afghan, and a Persian kitten, we've worked up a regular routine for acceptance at motels.

He may have been eccentric in his behavior, but his paintings are as impassive as Persian tiles.

Alec's first impression of the lobby was gloomy, Victorian dignity -- black walnut and red plush, a black and white tiled floor, and Persian rugs.

He had also learned a great deal about Persian customs and traditions from his teacher.

Another candidate for one of the first scholars to carry out comparative ethnographic-type studies in person was the medieval Persian scholar Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī in the eleventh century, who wrote about the peoples, customs, and religions of the Indian subcontinent.

During the Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 600 BC the Persians first began to use the abacus.

The Hindi alphabet must represent both Sanskrit and modern vocabulary, and so has been expanded to 58 with the khutma letters ( letters with a dot added ) to represent sounds from Persian and English.

In the 6th century BC the kingdom of Lydia almost expanded to the whole of Asia Minor, until it became a satrapy of the Persian Empire.

The headwaters of three major rivers arise in the Anti-Taurus: the east-flowing Aras, which pours into the Caspian Sea ; the south-flowing Euphrates ; and the south-flowing Tigris, which eventually joins the Euphrates in Iraq before emptying into the Persian Gulf.

Later during the 6th century BC, most of Anatolia was conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Persians having usurped the Medes as the dominant dynasty in Iran.

Areas of the south east such as Harran and the Hakkari mountains continued to be inhabited by remnants of the Assyrians, but these regions remained under Parthian and then Sassanid Persian rule.

Imperial Aramaic was highly standardised ; its orthography was based more on historical roots than any spoken dialect and was inevitably influenced by Old Persian.

Hazred could come from the Persian or Arabic word " Hazrat " meaning Great Lord with a twist that makes it sound like " red " and " hazard " both indicative of danger.

* 479 BC – Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan commander of the Greek army in the Battle of Plataea.

Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā ( Persian پور سينا Pur-e Sina " son of Sina "; c. 980 – 1037 ), commonly known as Ibn Sīnā or by his Latinized name Avicenna, was a Persian polymath, who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived.