Afonso I ( 25 June 1109, Guimarães or Viseu – 6 December 1185, Coimbra ), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (), nicknamed " the Conqueror " (), " the Founder " () or " the Great " () by the Portuguese, and El-Bortukali (" the Portuguese ") and Ibn-Arrik (" son of Henry ", " Henriques ") by the Moors whom he fought, was the first King of Portugal.

It is commonly believed that Saul changes his name to Paul at this time, but the source of this claim is unknown, the first mention of another name is later (), during his first missionary journey.

Muwaffaq al-Din Muhammad ' Abd al-Latif ibn Yusuf al-Baghdadi (; 1162 – 1231 ), more commonly known as ' Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi or ' Abdallatif al-Baghdadi (), born in Baghdad, Iraq, was a celebrated physician, historian, Egyptologist and traveller, and one of the most voluminous writers of the Near East in his time.

Until 1945, Bulgarian orthography did not reveal this alternation and used the original Old Slavic Cyrillic letter yat (), which was commonly called двойно е ( dvoyno e ) at the time, to express the historical yat vowel or at least root vowels displaying the ya – e alternation.

Motor Racing Developments Ltd., commonly known as Brabham (), was a British racing car manufacturer and Formula One racing team.

The Chechen Republic (;, Chechenskaya Respublika ;, Noxc ̈ iyn Respublika ), commonly referred to as Chechnya (;, Chechnya ;, Noxc ̈ iyc ̈ ó ), also spelled Chechnia or Chechenia, sometimes referred to as Ichkeria (), is a federal subject ( a republic ) of Russia.

The Order of Preachers (), after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III ( 1216 – 27 ) on 22 December 1216 in France.

In 1825 a manuscript listing a vocabulary of the Baltic Old Prussian language, named the Elbing-Prussian Dictionary (), or more commonly in English just Elbing Vocabulary, was found among some manuscripts from a merchant's house.

The legal base and the guidance for the creation of the system of " corrective labor camps " (), the backbone of what is commonly referred to as the " Gulag ", was a secret decree of Sovnarkom of July 11, 1929, about the use of penal labor that duplicated the corresponding appendix to the minutes of Politburo meeting of June 27, 1929.

The H. J. Heinz Company (), commonly known as Heinz and famous for its " 57 Varieties " slogan and its ketchup, is a U. S Consumer packaged goods company with world headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The name Jeroboam () is commonly held to have been derived from riyb () and ` am (), and signifying " the people contend ," or, " he pleads the people's cause " It is alternatively translated to mean " his people are many " or " he increases the people " ( from ( rbb ), meaning to increase ); or even " he that opposes the people ".

The work was written in Arabic under the Arabic title (), but it is commonly referred to by its Persian title, Kitáb-i-Aqdas (), which was given to the work by Bahá ' u ' lláh himself.

The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (), commonly known as the Knights Templar, the Order of the Temple () or simply as Templars, were among the most famous of the Western Christian military orders.

James Parry ( born July 13, 1967 ), commonly known by his nickname and username Kibo (), is a Usenetter known for his sense of humor, various surrealist net pranks, an absurdly long. signature, and a machine-assisted knack for " kibozing ": joining any thread in which " kibo " was mentioned.

The game was called 麻雀 (), meaning sparrow in Chinese, which is still the name most commonly used in some southern Chinese languages such as Cantonese and Min Nan, as well as in Japanese.

The term militia (), or irregular army, is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary citizens to provide defense, emergency law enforcement, or paramilitary service, in times of emergency without being paid a regular salary or committed to a fixed term of service.

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni ( 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564 ), commonly known as Michelangelo (), was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea ( Chosŏn ' gŭl: ), abbreviated to DPRK or PRK, and commonly referred to as North Korea (), is a country in East Asia, located in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula.

The verb " pasàch " () is first mentioned in the Torah account of the Exodus from Egypt (), and there is some debate about its exact meaning: the commonly held assumption that it means " He passed over ", in reference to God " passing over " the houses of the Hebrews during the final of the Ten Plagues of Egypt, stems from the translation provided in the Septuagint ( παρελευσεται in, and εσκεπασεν in ).

Škoda Auto (), more commonly known as Škoda, is an automobile manufacturer based in the Czech Republic.

Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom (), commonly referred to as Salò, is a 1975 Italian drama film written and directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini, with uncredited writing contributions by Pupi Avati.

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution (), was a social-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976.

Tropaeolum (), commonly known as Nasturtium (;

Amsterdamsche Football Club Ajax (), also referred to as AFC Ajax, Ajax Amsterdam or simply Ajax ( after the legendary Greek hero ), is a professional football club from Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Bede ( ; ; 672 / 673 – 26 May 735 ), also referred to as Saint Bede or the Venerable Bede (), was an English monk at the Northumbrian monastery of Saint Peter at Monkwearmouth and of its companion monastery, Saint Paul's, in modern Jarrow ( see Monkwearmouth-Jarrow ), both in the Kingdom of Northumbria.

In the Gospel of John and in Revelation, Jesus is referred to as " the Word of God " (), although the context in Revelation is very different from John.

The period is sometimes referred to as the era of Viennese Classic or Classicism (), since Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn, Antonio Salieri, and Ludwig van Beethoven all worked at some time in Vienna, and Franz Schubert was born there.

They included two nearly complete copies of the text, referred to as Text A () and Text B (), both of which reverse the traditional ordering and put the Te Ching section before the Tao Ching, which is why the Henricks translation of them is named " Te-Tao Ching ".

The Epistle of James (), usually referred to simply as James, is a Letter in the New Testament.

It is usually referred to as FIDE (), its French acronym.

Another tradition that influenced Beijing cuisine ( as well as influenced by the latter itself ) is the Chinese imperial cuisine that originated from the " Emperor's Kitchen " (), which referred to the cooking facilities inside the Forbidden City, where thousands of cooks from different parts of China showed their best culinary skills to please the imperial family and officials.

Sunni Muslims are referred to in Arabic as ʾAhlu-s-Sunnati wa-l-Jamāʿah (), " people of the tradition of Muhammad and the consensus of the Ummah " or ʾAhlu-s-Sunnah ().

Likewise, Sunni Muslims are referred to as Ahlus Sunnah wa Al-Jamā ‘ ah (), literally " people of the tradition Muhammad and the community ", emphasizing their attachment to religious and cultural tradition.

It is also traditionally referred to as (), a Hebrew abbreviation of, the " six orders " of the Oral Law of Judaism.

The centre of each jurisdiction was referred to as a “ free seat ” (), and its head or chairman () was often a secular or spiritual prince, sometimes a civic community, the archbishop of Cologne being supreme over all ().

Alfa Romeo Automobiles S. p. A. (), sometimes colloquially referred to as simply Alfa, is an Italian manufacturer of cars.

Staines-upon-Thames, often referred to by its former name Staines (), is a town on the north bank of the River Thames in the borough of Spelthorne in Surrey, England ( historically in Middlesex ).

Manchuria has historically also been referred to as Guandong (), which literally means " east of the pass ", a reference to Shanhai Pass in Qinhuangdao in today's Hebei province, at the eastern end of the Great Wall of China.

The Latin term in turn may derive from " Piodasses ", an ancient Greek transliteration of the Indic Prakrit term " Piyadasi " (), meaning " beloved of the gods ", a term by which the Indian Maurya Emperor Ashoka the Great referred to himself in the Edicts of Ashoka ( 3rd century BC ).

The state is therefore referred to as Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada (), or The Crown in Right of Canada, and the monarch's legal personality is sometimes referred to simply as Canada.

Public Service Enterprise Group Fortune 500 company (), commonly known as PSEG, and originally known as the Public Service Corporation of New Jersey and then as the Public Service Electric and Gas Company, is a regulated, publicly owned gas and electric utility company in the state of New Jersey, United States.

The Cairo Electric Railways & Heliopolis Oases Company (), is the original name of the Heliopolis Company for Housing and Development (), a company formed in Cairo in 1906 in a partnership between a consortium of Belgian developers led by Édouard Empain and Boghos Nubar Pasha, son of the former Egyptian Prime Minister Nubar Nubarian.

The Manila Electric Company (), also known as MERALCO or Meralco, is the Philippines ' largest distributor of electrical power.

NB Power (), formerly known as New Brunswick Power Corporation and New Brunswick Electric Power Commission is the primary and former monopoly electrical utility in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.

Emelec was founded on April 28, 1929 by George Capwell, the American head of the Electric Company of Ecuador (), from which the club is named after.