Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan ( also called murein ), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by unusual peptides containing D-amino acids.

Bacterial cell walls are different from the cell walls of plants and fungi which are made of cellulose and chitin, respectively.

Bacterial type IV pilins are similar in structure to the component flagellins of Archaeal flagella.

Bacterial and viral acute sinusitis are difficult to distinguish.

* Bacterial flagella are helical filaments, each with a rotary motor at its base which can turn clockwise or counterclockwise.

* Bacterial flagella are motorized by a flow of H < sup >+</ sup > ions ( or occasionally Na < sup >+</ sup > ions ); archaeal flagella are almost certainly powered by ATP.

* Bacterial flagella are thicker than archaella Archaellum, and the bacterial filament has a large enough hollow " tube " inside that the flagellin subunits can flow up the inside of the filament and get added at the tip ; the archaellum is too thin ( 12-15 nm ) to allow this.

Bacterial lawns ( often of Serratia marcescens ) are also used extensively when as an assay method when using bacteriophage as tracers in studies of groundwater flow.

Bacterial toxins such as those from Bacillus thuringiensis which are evolved to affect the gut of Lepidoptera have been used in sprays of bacterial spores, toxin extracts and also by incorporating genes to produce them within the host plants.

Bacterial and fungal proteases are particularly important to the global carbon and nitrogen cycles in the recycling of proteins, and such activity tends to be regulated in by nutritional signals in these organisms.

Bacterial DNAs are methylated periodically throughout the genome.

Bacterial species possesses distinct DHFR enzymes ( based on their pattern of binding diaminoheterocyclic molecules ), but mammalian DHFRs are highly similar.

Bacterial strains that have the cagA gene are associated with an ability to cause ulcers.

Bacterial cells are much smaller than human cells, and there are at least ten times as many bacteria as human cells in the body ( approximately 10 < sup > 14 </ sup > versus 10 < sup > 13 </ sup >).

Bacterial cells are harvested via centrifugation and the resulting cell pellet lysed either by physical means or by means of detergents and enzymes such as lysozyme.

Bacterial endospores are most resistant to disinfectants, but some viruses and bacteria also possess some tolerance.

Bacterial tektons are typical of the lake.

In addition to the filter fluorometers shown above, fluorometers are used extensively in Life Science research for various assays such as Alkaline Phosphatase, Bacterial Viability, B-Galactosidase, Cell Proliferation, RNA Quantitation, DNA Quantitation, Enzyme Assays, Protein Quantitation, and Reporter Gene Assays.

Bacterial contaminants are ubiquitous, and foods left unused too long will often be contaminated by substantial amounts of bacterial colonies and become dangerous to eat, leading to food poisoning.

Bacterial Halorhodopsins or Proton pumps are the two classes of proteins used for inhibitory optogenetics, achieving inhibition by increasing cytoplasmic levels of halides ( Cl -) or decreasing the cytoplasmic concentration of protons, respectively.

Bacterial organisms are sometimes included in a flora, and sometimes the terms bacterial flora and plant flora are used separately.

* Bacterial conjugation, a transfer of DNA without fusion

# Bacterial ( E. coli ) DNA is grown in a media containing heavy nitrogen ( N15 ) through many cell divisions.

Bacterial genomic DNA is not recognized by these restriction enzymes.

* Bacterial Artificial Chromosome, a DNA construct used for transforming and cloning in bacteria

Bacterial spheroplasts, with suitable recombinant DNA inserted into it, can be used to transfect animal cells.

Bacterial transformation may be referred to as a stable genetic change brought about by the uptake of naked DNA ( DNA without associated cells or proteins ) and competence refers to the state of being able to take up exogenous DNA from the environment.

Bacterial DNA gyrase is the target of many antibiotics, including nalidixic acid, novobiocin, and ciprofloxacin.

Bacterial genomic DNA is not recognized by these restriction enzymes.

Bacterial viability is compromised in dam mutants that also lack certain other DNA repair enzymes, providing further evidence for the role of Dam in DNA repair.

Bacterial RNA polymerase, a relative of RNA Polymerase II, switches between inactivated and activated states by translocating back and forth along the DNA.

Bacterial conjugation is often regarded as the bacterial equivalent of sexual reproduction or mating since it involves the exchange of genetic material.

Bacterial vaginosis ( BV ) occurs more often in lesbians, but it is unclear if BV is transmitted by sexual contact ; it occurs in celibate as well as sexually active women.

Bacterial FISH probes are often primers for the 16s rRNA region.

Bacterial diseases in dogs are usually not contagious from dog to dog ; instead they are usually the result of wound colonization, opportunistic infections secondary to decreased resistance ( often the result of viral infections ), or secondary to other conditions ( pyoderma secondary to skin allergies or pyometra secondary to cystic endometrial hyperplasia ).

Bacterial genus Escherichia ( for example, Escherichia coli ) was named after him in 1919, eight years after his death.

Bacterial lawns find use in screens for antibiotic resistance and bacteriophage titering.

* Bacterial adhesion to boat hulls serves as the foundation for biofouling of seagoing vessels.

* Bacterial conjunctivitis: A review for internists AHMAD B. TARABISHY and BENNIE H. JENG.

*" Mercer " or " Mercer's Bacterial Disease " is a common misnomer for the acronym MRSA or Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Bacterial vaginosis can result in complications for pregnant women and has been associated with an increase in the development of pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID ) following surgical procedures such as a hysterectomy.

* The effects of lactic acid bacteria: Bacterial Vaginosis: a public health review, Marianne Morris et al., British Journal of Obstetrics and Gyneocology, 2001, Bacterial Vaginosis as a risk factor for preterm delivery: A meta analysis, Harld Leitisch et al., General Obstetrics and Gynecology Obstetrics, 2003.

* Science Daily Bacterial ' Battle for Survival ' - Rhodostreptomycin

Bacterial cultures were regarded as Gold standards for detection of MAP.

Bacterial oxidation ( BIOX ) is a biohydrometallurgical process developed for pre-cyanidation treatment of refractory gold ores or concentrates.

Bacterial species differ in their abilities to compete for carbon compound root exudates.

* Receives support from the National Institutes of Health to support the project, “ Pathosystems Resource Integration Center-Bioinformatics Resource Center for Bacterial Diseases .” The project supports infectious disease research across the globe, namely to integrate information on pathogens, provide resources and tools to scientists, and help researchers to analyze genomic, proteomic and other data arising from infectious disease research.

Bacterial alginates are useful for the production of micro-or nanostructures suitable for medical applications.

The Institute has got vast development over 73 years and it's now engaged in the production of various Vaccines, ( Bacterial and Viral Vaccines ) against various diseases of livestock and poultry, diagnostic reagents and Pharmaceutical products for treatment of ailing animals.

*" Relationship between Phylogeny and Pathotype for the Bacterial Blight Pathogen of Rice ," Nelson, Rebecca J. ; Baraoidan, Marietta R. ; Cruz, Casiana M. Vera ; Yap, Immanuel V. ; Leach, Jan E. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

Bacterial cell surface and secreted proteins are also of interest for their potential as vaccine candidates or as diagnostic targets.