1191 – 10 September 1206 / 08 ).

* John of Ford ( ca. 1140 – 1214 ), English religious leader who, from 1191 until his death, served as abbot of Dorset Cistercian monastery Forde Abbey ; ally of King John

* 1191 – Richard I arrives in Acre ( Palestine ) thus beginning his crusade.

* 1191 – Third Crusade: Saladin's garrison surrenders to Philip Augustus, ending the two-year siege of Acre.

* 1191 – Pope Clement III ( b. 1130 )

Members of the Orsini include popes Celestine III ( 1191 – 1198 ), Nicholas III ( 1277 – 1280 ), and Benedict XIII ( 1724 – 1730 ), 34 Cardinals of the Roman Church and numerous condottieri and other significant political and religious figures.

The first known family member is one Bobone, in the early 11th century, father of Pietro, in turn father of Giacinto dei Boboni ( 1110 – 1198 ), who in 1191 became pope as Celestine III.

Pope Clement III ( 1130 – 20 March 1191 ), born Paulino ( or Paolo ) Scolari, was elected Pope on 19 December 1187 and reigned until his death.

1106 – 8 January 1198 ), born Giacinto Bobone, was elected Pope on 21 March 1191 and reigned until his death.

* 1191 – Third Crusade: Battle of Arsuf – Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Arsuf.

Count Frederick III ( c. 1139 – c. 1200 ) accompanied Emperor Frederick I Barbrarossa against Henry the Lion in 1180 and through his marriage achieved the enfeoffment with the Burgraviate of Nuremberg by Emperor Henry VI of Hohenstaufen in 1191.

* October 18 – Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan ( d. 1191 )

# Conrad ( Modigliana, February 1167 – Acre, 20 January 1191 ), later renamed Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia after the death of his older brother.

* September 23 – Robert de Sable, was 11th Grand Master of the Knights Templar from 1191 to 1193

The last Byzantine governor of the Island was Isaac Comnenus who declared himself emperor of the island and ruled the island from 1183 – 1191.

# Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke ( 1191 – 16 April 1234 ), married Gervase le Dinant.

* John I of Ponthieu ( c. 1147 – 1191 )

* Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke ( c. 1191 – 1234 )

Prevailing scholarly theories strongly suggest that the written Nibelungenlied is the work of an anonymous poet from the area of the Danube between Passau and Vienna, dating from about 1180 to 1210, possibly at the court of Wolfger von Erla, the bishop of Passau ( in office 1191 – 1204 ).

Count Philip I ( 1157 – 1191 ) brought further large tracts of marshland under cultivation, laid out first plans to build a Canal from Dunkirk to Bergues and vested the Dunkirkers with market rights.

Systematic refutations of Greek logic were written by the Illuminationist school, founded by Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi ( 1155 – 1191 ), who developed the idea of " decisive necessity ", an important innovation in the history of logical philosophical speculation.

Amathus still flourished and produced a distinguished patriarch of Alexandria, St. John the Merciful, as late as 606-616, and a ruined Byzantine church marks the site ; but it declined and was already almost deserted when Richard Plantagenet won Cyprus by a victory there over Isaac Comnenus in 1191.

When Richard arrived in 1191, he and Philip took different sides in the succession dispute.

Richard defeated Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf in 1191 and the Battle of Jaffa in 1192, recovering most of the coast, but could not recover Jerusalem or any of the inland territory of the kingdom.

The immediate cause of the conflict with Richard stemmed from Richard's decision to break his betrothal with Phillip's sister Alys at Messina in 1191.

In April 1191 Richard, with a large fleet, left Messina in order to reach Acre.

King Richard landed at Acre on 8 June 1191.

The armies of Saladin engaged in combat with the army of King Richard at the Battle of Arsuf on September 7, 1191, at which Saladin's forces were defeated.

* 1191: On September 7, Saladin is defeated by Richard I of England at the Battle of Arsuf.

Richard the Lionheart landed in Limassol on 1 June 1191 in search of his sister and his bride Berengaria, whose ship had become separated from the fleet in a storm.

The Crusaders under Richard the Lionheart retook Haifa in 1191.

The king of England, Richard the Lionheart, was travelling to the Holy Land in 1191.

Richard the Lionheart is supposed to have married his fiancée Princess Berengaria of Navarre on this site after her ship was grounded nearby in 1191 as she accompanied him to the Third Crusade, on his way to Holy Land.

Berengaria married Richard I of England on 12 May 1191 in the Chapel of St George at Limassol and was crowned the same day by the Archbishop of Bordeaux and Bishops of Évreux and Bayonne.

In 1191, Guy left Acre with a small fleet and landed at Limassol to seek support from Richard I of England, whose vassal he had been in Poitou.

Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus, the island's last Byzantine governor, sent his family and treasures to the castle for safety in 1191 when King Richard I of England went to war with him and became the island's new master.

There the despot Byzantine king of the island, Isaac Comnenus, is said to have fled after Richard the Lion Heart conquered Cyprus in 1191.

Sources only make mention of the castle in the year 1191, when Richard Lion-Heart captured the island.

It was established in 1191, at Acre, after the capture of that city by Richard I of England and Philip II of France.

After capturing Acre in 1191, Richard fought many engagements with Saladin, whose main objective was to prevent the recapture of Jerusalem.

Knowing he would need to control the port of Jaffa before making an attempt on Jerusalem, Richard began to march down the coast from Acre in August 1191.