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* 1309 – 1378: The Avignon Papacy
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1309 and –
* 1309 – The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the Knights of St. John, completing their conquest of Rhodes.
Afonso married Beatrice of Castile ( 1293 – 1359 ) in 1309, daughter of Sancho IV, King of Castile, and María de Molina and had four sons and three daughters.
1309 – 26 May 1339 ) was the Queen of Poland ( 1333 – 1339 ), and the Princess of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
** Capetian House of Anjou – Naples branch ( 1309 – 1343 )
** Capetian House of Anjou – Durazzo branch ( 1309 – 1414 )
** Charles II ( 1285 – 1309 )
** Robert ( 1309 – 1343 )
* 1309 – Henry VII is recognized King of the Romans by Pope Clement V.
During the period when the papacy resided in Avignon, France ( 1309 – 1377 ), the feudal lords ' power increased due to the absence of the Pope from Rome.
* 1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication, interdiction, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse against Venice, which had unjustly seized on Ferrara, a fief of the Patrimony of Peter.
But the decision proved the precursor of the long Avignon Papacy, the " Babylonian captivity " ( 1309 – 77 ), in Petrarch's phrase, and marks a point from which the decay of the strictly Catholic conception of the pope as universal bishop may be dated.
* Andrew Tomasello, Music and Ritual at the Papal Court of Avignon 1309 – 1403.
* Tomasello, Music and ritual at Papal Avignon 1309 – 1403.
* Frederick VII ( 1298 – 1309 )
* Frederick VIII ( 1309 – 1333 )
tk: 1300 – 1309
* July 28 – Guy VIII of Viennois, Dauphin of Vienne ( b. 1309 )
* August 28 – King Levon IV of Armenia ( murdered ) ( b. 1309 )
He was the second Pope of the Avignon Papacy ( 1309 – 1377 ), elected by a conclave in Lyon assembled by King Philip V of France.
This period from 1309 – 1377 – the Avignon Papacy – was also called the Babylonian Captivity of exile, in reference to the Israelites ' enslavement in biblical times.
1309 and 1378
As such, between 1309 and 1378, the popes lived in Avignon, France ( see Avignon Papacy ), a period often called the Babylonian Captivity in allusion to the Biblical exile of Israel.
The practice again increased during the Avignon Papacy ( 1309 – 1377 ) and especially during the Papal Schism ( 1378 – 1417 ), when the papal claimants gave numerous abbeys in commendam in order to increase the number of their adherents.
1309 and Avignon
Eventually, in 1309, Pope Clement V even left Rome and relocated to the French city of Avignon, beginning the era known as the Avignon Papacy ( or, more disparagingly, the " Babylonian captivity ").
From 1309 to 1377, the pope resided not in Rome but in Avignon.
He spent much of his early life at Avignon and nearby Carpentras, where his family moved to follow Pope Clement V who moved there in 1309 to begin the Avignon Papacy.
After the papacy had been removed to Avignon in 1309, Pope Clement V consented to a post-mortem trial by an ecclesiastical consistory at Groseau, near Avignon, which held preliminary examinations in August and September 1310.
Clement V had to yield to pressures for this extraordinary trial, begun on 2 February 1309 at Avignon, which dragged on for two years.
In March 1309, the entire papal court moved from Poitiers ( where it had remained for 4 years ) to the Comtat Venaissin, around the city of Avignon, which was not then part of France, but an imperial fief held by the King of Sicily.
The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven Popes resided in Avignon, in modern-day France.
Clement declined to move to Rome, remaining in France, and in 1309 moved his court to the papal enclave at Avignon, where it remained for the next 67 years.
* Pope Clement V: 1305 – 1314 ( moved to Avignon March 9, 1309 )
In 1309, Pope Clement V, who was originally from Bordeaux, moved the Roman Catholic Papacy to Avignon.
From 1309 until 1377, seven Popes reigned in Avignon before the Schism between the Roman and Avignon churches, which led to the creation of rival popes in both places.
1309 and Papacy
In 1309 the city, still part of the Kingdom of Arles, was chosen by Pope Clement V as his residence, and from 9 March 1309 until 13 January 1377 was the seat of the Papacy instead of Rome.
Haarlem was granted its first known indulgence by Clement V in 1309, during the Avignon Papacy.
The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven French popes, resided in Avignon.
Avignon became the residence of the Popes in 1309, when the Gascon Bertrand de Goth, as Pope Clement V, unwilling to face the violent chaos of Rome after his election ( 1305 ), moved the Papal Curia to Avignon, a period known as the Avignon Papacy.
– and 1378
* 1378 – Hongxi Emperor of China ( d. 1425 )
The Borgia family originally came from the Kingdom of Valencia, and rose to prominence during the mid-15th century ; Cesare's great-uncle Alonso Borgia ( 1378 – 1458 ), bishop of Valencia, was elected Pope Callixtus III in 1455.
* 1455 – Lorenzo Ghiberti, Italian artist and metal smith ( b. 1378 )
Holy Roman Empire from 1273 – 1378, and its principal royal dynasties
He referred to the conditions under which the condemnation of his 18 theses was brought about ; and the same may be said of his books dealing with the Church, the office of king, and the power of the pope – all completed within the space of two years ( 1378 – 79 ).
It would be a mistake to assume that Wycliffe's doctrine of the Church – which made so great an impression upon famous priest Jan Hus-was occasioned by the western schism ( 1378 – 1417 ).
It was this very man who laboured to bring about the recognition of Urban VI ( 1378 – 1389 ), which appears to contradict his former attitude and to demand an explanation.
The second extends from Pope Urban VI ( 1378 – 1389 ) to Pope Pius II ( 1458 – 1464 ).
* 1378 – Pope Gregory XI ( b. 1336 )
* 1378 – David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, heir to the throne of Scotland ( d. 1402 )
Various anti-popes challenged papal authority, especially during the Western Schism ( 1378 – 1417 ).
His election effectively ended the Western Schism ( 1378 – 1417 ).
He became apostolic protonotary under Pope Urban VI ( 1378 – 89 ), and was created Cardinal-Deacon of San Giorgio al Velabro by Pope Innocent VII in 1405.
Pope Callixtus III ( 31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458 ) (, ), né Alfons de Borja, was Pope from 8 April 1455 to his death in 1458.
Gregory XI ( c. 1329 – 27 March 1378 ) was pope from 1370 until his death.
Gregory was chosen at Rome in 1406 by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals under the express condition that, should Antipope Benedict XIII ( 1394 – 1423 ), the rival papal claimant at Avignon, renounce all claim to the Papacy, he would also renounce his, so that a fresh election might be made and the Western Schism ( 1378 – 1417 ) could be ended.
Pope Urban VI ( c. 1318 – 15 October 1389 ), born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389.
Pope Innocent VII ( probably1339 – 6 November 1406 ), born Cosimo de ' Migliorati, was briefly Pope at Rome between 1404 and 1406 during the period of the Western Schism ( 1378 – 1417 ) while there was a rival Pope, Antipope Benedict XIII, at Avignon.
His teacher Giovanni da Legnano sponsored him at Rome, where Pope Urban VI ( 1378 – 89 ) took him into the Curia, sent him for ten years as papal collector to England, made him Bishop of Bologna in 1386 at a time of strife in that city, and Archbishop of Ravenna in 1387.
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