* 1559 – Bartolomé Carranza, Spanish archbishop, is arrested for heresy.

* 1503 – Christian III of Denmark ( d. 1559 )

* Alfonso II d ' Este ( 1533 – 1597 ), duke of Ferrara from 1559 to 1597

* 1559 – The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis treaty is signed, ending the Italian Wars.

The conservative nature of these changes underlines the fact that Protestantism was by no means universally popular – a fact that the queen herself recognized: her revived Act of Supremacy, giving her the ambiguous title of Supreme Governor passed without difficulty, but the Act of Uniformity 1559 giving statutory force to the Prayer Book, passed through the House of Lords by only three votes.

** Henry II ( 1547 – 1559 )

** Francis II ( 1559 – 1560 )

* Henry II ( 1547 – 1559 )

* Francis II ( 1559 – 1560 )

Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in Trent ( 1551 – 52 ) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions, and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent ( 1559 – 63 ).

The council was reconvened by Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 65 ) for the last time, meeting from 18 January 1562, and continued until its final adjournment on 4 December 1563.

During the protracted Ethiopian-Adal War ( 1529 – 1559 ), Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi defeated several Ethiopian Emperors and embarked on a conquest referred to as the Futuh Al-Habash (" Conquest of Abyssinia "), which brought three-quarters of Christian Abyssinia under the power of the Muslim Adal Sultanate.

This legend is found in two sources, Hans Svaning's History of King Hans from 1558 – 1559 and Johan Rantzau's History about the Last Dithmarschen War, from 1569.

In February 1577, it was rumoured that Oxford's sister Mary would marry Lord Gerald Fitzgerald ( 1559 – 1580 ), but by 2 July, she was linked with Peregrine Bertie, later Lord Willoughby d ' Eresby.

* 1559 – Isaac Casaubon, French classical scholar ( d. 1614 )

First ( 1559 ) he married Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin ( 29 August 1540 – 8 March 1578 ).

* Rice, Eugene F. The Foundations of Early Modern Europe, 1460 – 1559 ( 2nd ed.

The eventual Reformation of the Scottish Church followed a brief civil war in 1559 – 60, in which English intervention on the Protestant side was decisive.

** Henry II, 1547 – 1559

** Francis II, 1559 – 1560

France engaged in the long Italian Wars ( 1494 – 1559 ), which marked the beginning of early modern France.

Image: Kano White-robed Kannon, Bodhisattva of Compassion. jpg | A White-Robed Kannon, Bodhisattva of Compassion, by Kanō Motonobu ( 1476 – 1559 ), Japanese

Diana and Actaeon ( Titian ) | Diana and Actaeon, Titian, 1556 – 1559, a classic history painting, showing a dramatic moment in a mythological story, with elements of figure painting, landscape painting and still-life.

The Church of England ( which until the 20th century included the Church in Wales ) initially separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1538 in the reign of King Henry VIII, reunited in 1555 under Queen Mary I and then separated again in 1570 under Queen Elizabeth I ( the Roman Catholic Church excommunicated Elizabeth I in 1570 in response to the Act of Supremacy 1559 ).

She herself died in 1558, and in 1559 Elizabeth I reintroduced the 1552 book with a few modifications to make it acceptable to more traditionally minded worshippers, notably the inclusion of the words of administration from the 1549 Communion Service alongside those of 1552.

Thus, under Elizabeth, a more permanent enforcement of the Reformed religion was undertaken, and the 1552 book was republished in 1559, scarcely altered.

The following day, 15 January 1559, Elizabeth was crowned and anointed by Owen Oglethorpe, the Catholic bishop of Carlisle, at Westminster Abbey.

In the spring of 1559 it became evident that Elizabeth was in love with her childhood friend Robert Dudley.

At first, only Elizabeth made a virtue of her virginity: in 1559, she told the Commons, " And, in the end, this shall be for me sufficient, that a marble stone shall declare that a queen, having reigned such a time, lived and died a virgin ".

Both the 16th Earl and the Countess of Oxford had established court connections: John accompanying Princess Elizabeth from house arrest at Hatfield to the throne, and Margery being appointed a Maid of Honor in 1559.

Elizabeth I of England | Elizabeth I at her Coronation of the British monarch | coronation on 15 January 1559

* February 27 – Queen Elizabeth I of England establishes the Church of England, with the Act of Uniformity 1558 and the Act of Supremacy 1559.

Elizabeth made a virtue of her virginity: in 1559, she told the Commons, " And, in the end, this shall be for me sufficient, that a marble stone shall declare that a queen, having reigned such a time, lived and died a virgin ".

By the autumn of 1559 several foreign princes were vying for the Queen's hand ; their impatient envoys came under the impression that Elizabeth was fooling them, " keeping Lord Robert's enemies and the country engaged with words until this wicked deed of killing his wife is consummated.

Already in April 1559 court observers noted that Elizabeth never let Dudley from her side ; but her favour did not extend to his wife.

Mary I died in 1558, and she was succeeded by her Protestant half-sister Elizabeth I. Walsingham returned to England, and through the support of one of his fellow former exiles, Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford, he was elected to Elizabeth's first parliament as the member for Bossiney, Cornwall, in 1559

In 1559, Nicholas Throckmorton, the English ambassador in Paris, alarmed at the Scots ' associations, warned Elizabeth that Elder was " as dangerous for the matters of England as any he knew.

The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis was signed between Elizabeth I of England and Henry on 2 April and between Henry and Philip II of Spain on 3 April 1559 at Le Cateau-Cambrésis, around twenty kilometers southeast of Cambrai.

After the accession of the Protestant Queen Elizabeth I, he was able to obtain a pardon for his thievery, enabling his return to Wales in 1559.

Thomas Randolph famously served as ambassador for Elizabeth I in Scotland from 1559, where he acquired the friendship of Mary Queen of Scots until he was accused of supporting the rebellion of James Stuart.

Under Queen Elizabeth ( reigned 1558 – 1603 ), besides continuing in his post as financial agent of the crown, Gresham acted temporarily as ambassador at the court of Margaret of Parma, receiving a knighthood in 1559 prior to his departure.

The first Act of Supremacy had made King Henry VIII the supreme head of the Church of England and the second Act of Supremacy ( 1559 ) restored these powers for Elizabeth I, reversing normalising legislation passed during the reign of Mary I, though the title Elizabeth gained was " Supreme Governor of the Church of England " rather than " supreme head " so as not to imply that she had control over the church's doctrine, or, worse, that the Monarch was usurping Jesus.

The Hall was part of the original Manor of Portpoole, although it was significantly rebuilt during the reign of Mary I, and again during the reign of Elizabeth, with the rebuilding being finished on 10 November 1559.

The Auditors of the Imprest were established under Queen Elizabeth I in 1559 with formal responsibility for auditing Exchequer payments.