* 1559 – Bartolomé Carranza, Spanish archbishop, is arrested for heresy.

* 1503 – Christian III of Denmark ( d. 1559 )

* Alfonso II d ' Este ( 1533 – 1597 ), duke of Ferrara from 1559 to 1597

The conservative nature of these changes underlines the fact that Protestantism was by no means universally popular – a fact that the queen herself recognized: her revived Act of Supremacy, giving her the ambiguous title of Supreme Governor passed without difficulty, but the Act of Uniformity 1559 giving statutory force to the Prayer Book, passed through the House of Lords by only three votes.

** Henry II ( 1547 – 1559 )

** Francis II ( 1559 – 1560 )

* Henry II ( 1547 – 1559 )

* Francis II ( 1559 – 1560 )

Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in Trent ( 1551 – 52 ) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions, and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent ( 1559 – 63 ).

The council was reconvened by Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 65 ) for the last time, meeting from 18 January 1562, and continued until its final adjournment on 4 December 1563.

During the protracted Ethiopian-Adal War ( 1529 – 1559 ), Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi defeated several Ethiopian Emperors and embarked on a conquest referred to as the Futuh Al-Habash (" Conquest of Abyssinia "), which brought three-quarters of Christian Abyssinia under the power of the Muslim Adal Sultanate.

This legend is found in two sources, Hans Svaning's History of King Hans from 1558 – 1559 and Johan Rantzau's History about the Last Dithmarschen War, from 1569.

In February 1577, it was rumoured that Oxford's sister Mary would marry Lord Gerald Fitzgerald ( 1559 – 1580 ), but by 2 July, she was linked with Peregrine Bertie, later Lord Willoughby d ' Eresby.

* 1559 – Isaac Casaubon, French classical scholar ( d. 1614 )

First ( 1559 ) he married Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin ( 29 August 1540 – 8 March 1578 ).

* Rice, Eugene F. The Foundations of Early Modern Europe, 1460 – 1559 ( 2nd ed.

The eventual Reformation of the Scottish Church followed a brief civil war in 1559 – 60, in which English intervention on the Protestant side was decisive.

** Henry II, 1547 – 1559

** Francis II, 1559 – 1560

France engaged in the long Italian Wars ( 1494 – 1559 ), which marked the beginning of early modern France.

Image: Kano White-robed Kannon, Bodhisattva of Compassion. jpg | A White-Robed Kannon, Bodhisattva of Compassion, by Kanō Motonobu ( 1476 – 1559 ), Japanese

Diana and Actaeon ( Titian ) | Diana and Actaeon, Titian, 1556 – 1559, a classic history painting, showing a dramatic moment in a mythological story, with elements of figure painting, landscape painting and still-life.

* 1559 – Elizabeth I is crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey, London, England.

* April 2 – April 3 – Peace of Cateau Cambrésis: France makes peace with England and Spain, ending the Italian War of 1551 – 1559.

On 3 – 4 April 1559, Henry signed the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis with the Holy Roman Empire and England, ending a long period of Italian wars.

The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis ( 1559 ).

The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis was signed between Elizabeth I of England and Henry on 2 April and between Henry and Philip II of Spain on 3 April 1559 at Le Cateau-Cambrésis, around twenty kilometers southeast of Cambrai.

On 30 June 1559, at the Place Royale at the Hôtel des Tournelles, during a match to celebrate the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis with his longtime enemies, the Habsburgs of Austria, and to celebrate the marriage of his daughter Elisabeth of Valois to King Philip II of Spain, King Henry was mortally wounded by the lance of Gabriel Montgomery, captain of the King's Scottish Guard.

These marriages followed the tradition of cementing military and political alliances between France and Spain that began with the marriage of Philip II of Spain to Elisabeth of Valois in 1559 as part of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis.

Other confessions had acquired popular, if not legal, legitimacy in the intervening decades and by 1555, the reforms proposed by Luther were no longer the only possibilities of religious expression: Anabaptists, such as the Frisian Menno Simons ( 1492 – 1559 ) and his followers ; the followers of John Calvin, who were particularly strong in the southwest and the northwest ; and the followers of Huldrych Zwingli were excluded from considerations and protections under the Peace of Augsburg.

He subsequently left the post in 2004 to become President of the International Peace Academy, a NYC-based think tank, and was also designated as UN Special Representative ( Date of Appointment: 3 / 1 / 2005 ) for the implementation of Security Council Resolution 1559, which calls for Syrian withdrawal of Lebanon and the disarmament of Hezbollah.

# REDIRECT Italian War of 1551 – 1559 # Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis ( 1559 )

# REDIRECT Italian War of 1551 – 1559 # Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis ( 1559 )

By 1555, the reforms proposed by Luther were no longer the only possibilities of religious expression: Anabaptists, such as the Frisian Menno Simons ( 1492 – 1559 ) and his followers, the followers of John Calvin, who were particularly strong in the southwest and the northwest, or those followers of Huldrych Zwingli, were excluded from considerations and protections under the Peace of Augsburg.

# REDIRECT Italian War of 1551 – 1559 # Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis ( 1559 )

In April 1559 Granvelle was one of the Spanish commissioners who arranged the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis, and on Philip's withdrawal from the Netherlands in August of the same year he was appointed prime minister to the regent, Margaret of Parma.

On either 30 June or 1 July 1559, during a jousting match to celebrate the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis between Henry II and his longtime Habsburg enemies, a splinter of wood from Montgomery's shattered lance pierced Henry's eye and entered his brain, mortally injuring him.

The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, signed in 1559, permanently recognized Spanish claims in Italy.

The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 concluded the war with France, leaving Spain at a considerable advantage.

The marriage was a result of the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis ( 1559 ).

* The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, ending the Italian Wars, was agreed there on April 2 – 3, 1559.

By the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis between France and Spain, ( 1559 ) the duchy was restored to Emmanuel Philibert and he married his half-first cousin once removed Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry ( 1523 – 1574 ), daughter of King Francis I of France and sister to King Henry II.

However the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis ( 1559 ) saw almost all of Italy fall under the direct or indirect control of the Spanish.

In 1554 – 1555 the question of the Religious Peace of Augsburg occupied his mind ; in 1556 the conference with Johannes a Lasco, in 1557 the Frankenthal conference with the Anabaptists and the Worms Colloquy ; in 1558 the edict against Schwenckfeld and the Anabaptists, and the Frankfort Recess ; in 1559 the plan for a synod of those who were related to the Augsburg Confession and the Stuttgart Synod, to protect Brenz's doctrine of the Lord's Supper against Calvinistic tendencies ; in 1563 and 1569 the struggle against Calvinism in the Electorate of the Palatinate ( Maulbronn Colloquy ) and the crypto-Calvinistic controversies.