* 1646 – Godfrey Kneller, German painter ( d. 1723 )

* 1646 – Jules Hardouin Mansart, French architect ( d. 1708 )

* 1646 – John Flamsteed, English astronomer ( d. 1719 )

Algardi's large dramatic marble high-relief panel of Pope Leo and Attila ( 1646 – 53 ) for St Peter's Basilica was widely admired in his day, and reinvigorated the use of such marble reliefs.

* 1720 – Antoine Hamilton, French writer ( b. 1646 )

From the time of John Flamsteed ( 1646 – 1719 ) it had been believed that the Earth's daily rotation was uniform.

* 1709 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shogun ( b. 1646 )

* 1646 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shogun ( d. 1709 )

Triumph of Faith over Idolatry by Jean-Baptiste Théodon ( 1646 – 1713 )

* 1573 – Elias Holl, German Architect ( d. 1646 )

Bacon's ideas were influential in the 1630s and 1650s among scholars, in particular Sir Thomas Browne, who in his encyclopaedia Pseudodoxia Epidemica ( 1646 – 1672 ) frequently adheres to a Baconian approach to his scientific enquiries.

* 1646 – Battle of Torrington, Devon – the last major battle of the first English Civil War.

* 1646 – Gottfried Leibniz, German mathematician ( d. 1716 )

* 1591 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general ( d. 1646 )

* 1580 – Johann Stobäus, German composer ( d. 1646 )

* 1586 – Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English statesman and art collector ( d. 1646 )

* 1607 – Isaac Jogues, French missionary ( d. 1646 )

But the inadequacy of Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 1648 ) and the minority accession of Mehmed IV in 1646 created a significant crisis of rule, which the dominant women of the Imperial Harem filled.

Clement was buried in St. Peter's Basilica, and later Pope Paul V ( 1605 – 21 ) had a mausoleum built for him in the Borghese Chapel of Santa Maria Maggiore, where the remains were transferred in 1646.

* 1588 – Henry II, Prince of Condé ( d. 1646 )

In about 1644 Pepys attended Huntingdon Grammar School, before being educated at St Paul's School, London, c. 1646 – 1650.

The second system comes from the English astronomer John Flamsteed's ( 1646 – 1719 ) Historia coelestis Britannica.

Gottfried Leibniz ( 1646 – 1716 ), building on Pascal's work, became one of the most prolific inventors in the field of mechanical calculators ; he was the first to describe a pinwheel calculator in 1685 and invented the Leibniz wheel, used in the arithmometer, the first mass-produced mechanical calculator.

* Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex of England ( 1591 – 1646 ), nobleman and military commander

* January 11 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general ( d. 1646 )

* July 17 – Robert Bolling, English settler in Virginia ( b. 1646 )

Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex ( 11 January 1591 – 14 September 1646 ) was an English Parliamentarian and soldier during the first half of the seventeenth century.

In 1646 O ' Neill, with substantial Gallowglass numbers and additionally furnished with supplies by the Papal Nuncio, Giovanni Battista Rinuccini, attacked the Scottish Covenanter army under Major-General Robert Monro, who had landed in Ireland in April 1642.

* Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex ( 1591 – 1646 ) ( extinct )

* Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex ( 1591 – 1646 ), son of the above

* 1633 – 1646: Sir Robert Spottiswood of New Abbey

* Col. Robert Bolling Sr. ( 1646 – 1709 ) was an Early American settler whose son, Robert Bolling Jr., was a Bush family ancestor.

It was later identified as " Dapite " in Robert Dudley's map of 1646.

* Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, 4th Viscount Hereford ( 1591 – 1646 )

Through his father, Alexander was a grandson of Judge Robert Spottiswoode ( 1596 – 1646 ), a great-grandson of Archbishop John Spottiswoode ( 1565 – 1639 ), and a descendant of King Robert II of Scotland through the 2nd Earls of Crawford.

Although this event was to represent the high-water mark of hostilities with the Natives, in 1646, Captain Robert Higginson was directed to run a new pale at Middle Plantation, as the old was out of repair.

Colonel Robert Bolling ( December 26, 1646 – July 17, 1709 ) was a wealthy early American settler planter and merchant.

* Robert Maxwell, 10th Lord Maxwell ( 1586 – 1646 ) ( created Earl of Nithsdale in 1620 )

* Robert Maxwell, 1st Earl of Nithsdale ( 1586 – 1646 )

In 1618 John's brother and heir Robert ( d. 1646 ) was restored to the lordship of Maxwell, and in 1620 was created Earl of Nithsdale, surrendering at this time his claim to the earldom of Morton.

* Sir Robert, Lord President of the Court of Session ( 1596 – 1646 ), who was captured at the battle of Philiphaugh in 1645 and executed on 20 January 1646.

* Alexander Spotswood-the noted Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, who was grandson of Robert Spottiswoode ( 1596 – 1646 ) and great-grandson of Archbishop John Spottiswoode.

* Robert Bruce, Lord Bruce of Whorlton 1646 ( Parliamentary ; nominated by House of Lords )