During the period of the Iberian Union ( 1580 – 1640 ), Portugal lost influence and power and made new enemies.

* 1580 – One of the largest earthquakes recorded in the history of England, Flanders, or Northern France, takes place.

* 1580 – Alonso Mudarra, Spanish composer

* 1580 – Battle of Alcântara.

* 1580 – Thomas Middleton, English dramatist ( d. 1627 )

# Albert Frederick of Prussia ( 1 June – 8 October 1580 ).

File: Indischer Maler um 1615 ( I ) 001. jpg | Portrait of Ibrâhîm ' Âdil Shâh II ( 1580 – 1626 ), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD

*** House of Aviz ( 1385 – 1580 ) – illegitimate male-line descent from the Capetian Dynasty

* 1580 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer ( d. 1637 )

* 1580 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal ( b. 1509 )

In February 1577, it was rumoured that Oxford's sister Mary would marry Lord Gerald Fitzgerald ( 1559 – 1580 ), but by 2 July, she was linked with Peregrine Bertie, later Lord Willoughby d ' Eresby.

* Daniel Heinsius, scholar of the Dutch Renaissance ( 1580 – 1655 )

* Snellius ( Willebrord Snel van Royen ) 1580 – 1626, Leiden ( Netherlands )

A map of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires in the period of Iberian Union under the personal union of the Spanish monarchs ( 1580 – 1640 ).

* Kings of Portugal ( 1580 – 1640 ),

After returning, Alafin Orompoto ( c. 1560 – 1580 ) built up an army based on heavily armed cavalry and long-service troops.

* John Young ( Regius Professor ) ( 1514 – 1580 ), English Catholic clergyman and academic

* 1580 – King Henry of Portugal ( b. 1512 )

* 1509 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal ( d. 1580 )

* 1528 – Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy ( d. 1580 )

* 1580 – Philip II of Spain declares William the Silent to be an outlaw.

* 1580 – The Ostrog Bible, one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language, is published.

* 1580 – ( baptised ) John Smith of Jamestown ( d. 1631 )

John the Evangelist and John the Baptist, an aisled hall church built in the 14th century and extended in the 15th century ; outstanding Gothic sculptures and paintings inside ( Moses, St. Mary Magdalene, gravestone of Johann von Soest ), Renaissance and Baroque epitaphs and altars ( amongst them the epitaph of Copernicus from 1580 )

File: Johann der Junge. jpg | Coat of arms of Johann der Junge, duke of Sønderborg 1580, in the chapel of Sønderborg Castle, Denmark.

Julius Schiller ( c. 1580 – 1627 ) was a lawyer from Augsburg, Germany, who like his fellow citizen and colleague Johann Bayer published a star atlas in celestial cartography.

Malmö in 1580 in a German map book.

* November 29 – Ernst von Mansfeld, German soldier ( b. c. 1580 )

* February 10 – Albrecht Giese, German politician and diplomat ( d. 1580 )

File: WLA vanda Cabinet on stand. jpg | Cabinet on stand, German, c. 1580

Though Luther was asked to prepare the articles of faith that came to be known as the Schmalcald Articles, they were not formally adopted at the time of the meeting, though later they were incorporated into the Lutheran Confessions, in the Book of Concord, of 1580, in German, and in Latin translation, in the official Latin edition of the Book of Concord, the Leipzig edition of 1584.

Ernst, Graf von Mansfeld ( c. 1580 – 29 November 1626 ), was a German military commander during the early years of the Thirty Years ' War.

The increased activity near the castle led to the 1580 founding of the community of Ortelsburg by German craftsmen, independent of Beutnerdorf.

* June 6-Peter Crüger, German polymath ( born 1580 )

Unsubstantiated anecdotes suggest that this watermark was introduced to England in 1580 by Sir John Spielmann, a German who established a papermill at Dartford, Kent.

The Book of Concord was published in German on June 25, 1580 in Dresden, the fiftieth anniversary of the presentation of the Augsburg Confession to Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg.

** Luther's Marriage Booklet ( 1529 ) and Baptism Booklet ( 1526 ) were included as part of the Small Catechism in a few of the 1580 editions of the German Book of Concord

The McCain edition is based strictly on the texts of the Lutheran Confessions contained in either of the two official editions of the Book of Concord, the German edition of 1580 and the Latin edition of 1584.

* Peter Krüger or Peter Crüger ( 1580 – 1639 ), German mathematician, astronomer and polymath

Hieronymus Wolf ( 13 August 1516 – 8 October 1580 ) was a sixteenth-century German historian and humanist, most famous for introducing a system of Byzantine historiography that eventually became the standard in works of medieval Greek history.

Philipp Clüver ( also Klüwer, Cluwer, or Cluvier, Latinized as Philippus Cluverius and Philippi Cluverii ) ( 1580 – 31 December 1622 ) was an Early Modern German geographer and historian.

* Julius Schiller ( c. 1580 – 1627 ), German astronomer

The 1580 German edition of the Book of Concord used the translation of the Apology prepared by Justus Jonas, who rendered it freely based on Melanchthon's further editing.

Formula of Concord ( 1577 ) ( German, Konkordienformel ; Latin, Formula concordiae ; also the " Bergic Book " or the " Bergen Book ") is an authoritative Lutheran statement of faith ( called a confession, creed, or " symbol ") that, in its two parts ( Epitome and Solid Declaration ), makes up the final section of the Lutheran Corpus Doctrinae or Body of Doctrine, known as the Book of Concord ( most references to these texts are to the original edition of 1580 ).