* 1666 – Maria Sofia of Neuburg ( d. 1699 )

* 1666 – William Wotton, English scholar ( d. 1727 )

* 1666 – Second Anglo-Dutch War: Rear Admiral Robert Holmes leads a raid on the Dutch island of Terschelling, destroying 150 merchant ships, an act later known as " Holmes's Bonfire ".

* Afonso III of Kongo-( 1666 – 1667 )

* Alfonso III of Kongo ( 1666 – 1667 )

* 1666 – Jean-Féry Rebel, French composer and violinist ( d. 1747 )

* 1666 – Johann Heinrich Buttstett, German organist and composer ( d. 1727 )

Other notable 17th-century outbreaks were the Italian Plague ( 1629 – 1631 ); the Great Plague of Seville ( 1647 – 1652 ); the Great Plague of London ( 1665 – 1666 ); and the Great Plague of Vienna ( 1679 ).

A new revision — probably by Bishop George Griffith ( 1601 – 1666 ), of St Asaph-based on the revised English book of 1662, was published in 1664.

* 1666 – Francesco Scarlatti, Italian composer and musician ( d. c. 1741 )

* 1666 – Guru Gobind Singh, Sikh guru ( d. 1708 )

There were many great encyclopedists throughout Chinese history, including the scientist and statesman Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) with his Dream Pool Essays of 1088, the statesman, inventor, and agronomist Wang Zhen ( active 1290 – 1333 ) with his Nong Shu of 1313, and the written Tiangong Kaiwu of Song Yingxing ( 1587 – 1666 ), the latter of whom was termed the " Diderot of China " by British historian Joseph Needham.

The founder of the epistolary novel in English is said by many to be James Howell ( 1594 – 1666 ) with " Familiar Letters ", who writes of prison, foreign adventure, and the love of women.

* 1608 – Gaspar Schott, German mathematician ( d. 1666 )

* 1584 – Albert VI of Bavaria ( d. 1666 )

* 1666 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( d. 1737 )

The Great Plague ( 1665 – 1666 ) was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in the Kingdom of England ( part of modern day United Kingdom ).

The 1664 – 1666 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier " Black Death " pandemic ; it was remembered afterwards as the " great " plague only because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the four-hundred-year timespan of the Second Pandemic.

* 1666 – John Ernest Grabe, German-Anglican theologian ( d. 1711 )

* 1696 – Tsar Ivan V of Russia, Russian tsar ( b. 1666 )

* 1737 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( b. 1666 )

* 1634 – Adam Krieger, German composer ( d. 1666 )

* 1738 – George Bähr, German architect ( b. 1666 )

* June 9 – Johann Andreas Herbst, German composer and music theorist ( d. 1666 )

* March 16 – George Bähr, German architect ( b. 1666 )

* May 30 – Gottfried Arnold, German church historian ( b. 1666 )

** Johann Adam Schall von Bell, German Jesuit missionary to China ( d. 1666 )

George Bähr ( 15 March 1666 – 16 March 1738 ) was a German architect.

The first quadrilingual edition ( in Latin, German, Italian and French ) was published in 1666.

Johann Andreas Herbst ( baptized June 9, 1588 – January 24, 1666 ) was a German composer and music theorist of the early Baroque era.

Johann Adam Schall von Bell () ( May 1, 1592-August 15, 1666 ) was a German Jesuit and astronomer.

* Johann Andreas Herbst ( 1588 – 1666 ), German composer

Gottfried Arnold ( 5 September 1666, Annaberg, Erzgebirge – 30 May 1714, Perleberg ) was a German Lutheran theologian and historian.

* February 7 – Stephen Gray, English dyer, astronomer, and scientist ( b. 1666 )

The English scientist Robert Hooke studied the conical pendulum around 1666, consisting of a pendulum that is free to swing in two dimensions, with the bob rotating in a circle or ellipse.

John Harris ( c. 1666 – 7 September 1719 ) was an English writer, scientist, and Anglican priest.

* November 3 – John Ernest Grabe, German-born Anglican theologian ( b. 1666 )

* October 31 – Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia ( b. 1666 )

* October 2 – Josiah Burchett, English Secretary of the Admiralty ( b. c. 1666 )

* January 29 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( b. 1666 )

** Sarah Kemble Knight, diarist ( b. 1666 )

* November 23 – Sophia, Princess of Zelle, queen of George I of Great Britain ( b. 1666 )

* September 7 – John Harris, English writer ( b. c. 1666 )

* October 15 – Johann Michael Feuchtmayer the Elder, artist ( b. 1666 )

* October 7 – Guru Gobind Singh, 10th Guru Sahib of Sikhism, Founder and Chief General of the Khalsa Army, social reformist, poet, and revolutionary ( b. 1666 )

* April 10 – Arthur Chichester, 3rd Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier ( b. 1666 )

* June 30 – John Quelch, English pirate ( b. 1666 )

* February 8 – Tsar Ivan V of Russia ( b. 1666 )

( b. 1591, Cento, d. 1666, Bologna )

Famous Lithuanian scholars originating among the Karaylar included Isaac b. Abraham of Troki ( 1543 – 1598 ), Joseph ben Mordecai Malinovski, Zera ben Nathan of Trakai, Salomon ben Aharon of Trakai, Ezra ben Nissan ( died in 1666 ) and Josiah ben Judah ( died after 1658 ).

* 1642 – 24 June 1651 Hannibal Sehested ( b. 1609 – d. 1666 )

* 8 Oct 1661 – 1664 Iver Tageson Krabbe ( b. 1602 – d. 1666 )

Bernard ( or Barnard ) Bruce ( b. 1666, d. 1669 ).