He returned to politics to oppose the pro-slavery Kansas – Nebraska Act ( 1854 ); this law repealed the slavery-restricting Missouri Compromise ( 1820 ).

E. B. Tylor ( 2 October 1832 – 2 January 1917 ) and James George Frazer ( 1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941 ) are generally considered the antecedents to modern social anthropology in Britain.

* 1854 – Henry David Thoreau publishes Walden.

* 1854 – Charles Dickens ' Hard Times begins serialisation in his magazine, Household Words.

Arthur Aikin FGS ( 19 May 1773 – 15 April 1854 ) was an English chemist, mineralogist and scientific writer.

* George Finlay ( 1854 ), History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057 – 1453, Volume 2, William Blackwood & Sons

* 1854 – Moritz Moszkowski, Polish-German composer ( d. 1925 )

* 1773 – Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, French statesman ( d. 1854 )

* 1929 – Aletta Jacobs, Dutch physician ( b. 1854 )

* 1854 – The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships.

* 1854 – William Stang, German prelate and Bishop ( d. 1907 )

* Jean-Baptiste Muard ( 1809 – 1854 )

In 1846 Robert Smirke was replaced as the Museum's architect by his brother Sydney Smirke, whose major addition was the Round Reading Room 1854 – 1857 ; at in diameter it was then the second widest dome in the world, the Pantheon in Rome being slightly wider.

Layard's work was continued by his assistant, Hormuzd Rassam and in 1852 – 1854 he went on to discover the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh with many magnificent reliefs, including the famous Royal Lion Hunt scenes.

#* Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

#** Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte ( 1803 – 1857 ), ornithologist and politician married Princess Zénaïde Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

The " Orange " in Orange Free State ( 1854 – 1902 ) was named after the Protestant House of Orange in the Netherlands.

* Oscar Wilde ( 1854 – 1900 ), author and playwright ( educated in Portora Royal School )

* Pope Cyril IV of Alexandria reigned 1854 – 1861

C. D. Yonge, London, H. G. Bohn, 1854 – 1890 ):

One of the major contributions to fighting cholera was made by the physician and pioneer medical scientist John Snow ( 1813 – 1858 ), who in 1854 found a link between cholera and contaminated drinking water.

* 1854 – In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Virgin Mary was born free of original sin.

* 1854 – Eureka Stockade: In what is claimed by many to be the birth of Australian democracy, more than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, Australia are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences.

Jean Antoine Villemin first recognized bovine tuberculosis in 1854 and transmitted it, and Robert Koch first distinguished Mycobacterium bovis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

In 1819 Brewster undertook further editorial work by establishing, in conjunction with Robert Jameson ( 1774 – 1854 ), the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, which took the place of the Edinburgh magazine.

An early version of the second movement was first composed in 1854, not long after Robert Schumann's attempted suicide, and this was later used in his first piano concerto.

In 1854, the United Kingdom government appointed Robert FitzRoy to the new office of Meteorological Statist to the Board of Trade with the role of gathering weather observations at sea.

In 1854, Elizabeth Alexander, a pioneer living near what is now Fayette, Iowa, proposed the idea of a college to her husband, Robert, who donated $ 10, 000 toward the cause.

* June 10 – Robert Laird Borden, eighth Prime Minister of Canada ( b. 1854 )

He was succeeded by his son, Charles III, and grandson, Robert I, in 1854.

V. cholerae was first isolated as the cause of cholera by Italian anatomist Filippo Pacini in 1854, but his discovery was not widely known until Robert Koch, working independently 30 years later, publicized the knowledge and the means of fighting the disease.

However, during the exploration of the area by Robert McClure ( 1850 – 1854 ) the island was marked on their maps as " Baring Island ".

* Robert John Fleming ( 1854 – 1925 ), businessman

Following Texas's independence from Mexico ( 1836 ) and its annexation by the United States ( 1845 ), Robert Carter and family became the first permanent white settlers in the county in 1854.

The pumping station at the reservoir gates, converted to a climbing centre in 1995 ( as mentioned above ) was designed in a distinctive castellated style by Robert Billings under the supervision of William Chadwell Mylne and built in 1854 – 56.

Nessel Township was organized in 1870, bears the name of its earliest pioneer farmer, Robert Nessel, who was born in Germany, 1834, came to the United States in 1847 and to Minnesota in 1854, and settled here in 1856.

* Robert Armstrong, ( 1792 – 1854 ), born in Abingdon, United States Army officer and candidate to be Governor of Tennessee

* Robert Jameson ( 1774 – 1854 )-Scottish naturalist and mineralogist

The son of engineer Robert Stevenson, and brother of the lighthouse engineers Alan and Thomas Stevenson, between 1854 and 1880 he designed many lighthouses, all with his brother Thomas.

* Sir Robert Heron, 2nd Baronet ( 1765 – 1854 ), British Whig politician, Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Great Grimsby 1812 – 18 and Peterborough 1819 – 47

Later that year, the family settled in Marion, Illinois, where Robert and his brother Ebon Clarke Ingersoll were admitted to the bar in 1854.

* Robert Heron ( 1765 – 1854 )-Whig politician

** Tome 1: Les ficelles du pouvoir: correspondance entre Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine et Robert Baldwin, 1840 – 1854

* Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais ( 1782 – 1854 ), priest, philosophical and political writer

Johannes Robert Rydberg ( November 8, 1854 – December 28, 1919 ) was a Swedish physicist mainly known for devising the Rydberg formula, in 1888, which is used to predict the wavelengths of photons ( of light and other electromagnetic radiation ) emitted by changes in the energy level of an electron in a hydrogen atom.

Resigning the editorship of the Quarterly Review in 1853, he spent the next winter in Rome, but returned to England without recovering his health ; and being taken to Abbotsford by his daughter Charlotte, who had become Mrs James Robert Hope-Scott, he died there on 25 November 1854.