He returned to politics to oppose the pro-slavery Kansas – Nebraska Act ( 1854 ); this law repealed the slavery-restricting Missouri Compromise ( 1820 ).

E. B. Tylor ( 2 October 1832 – 2 January 1917 ) and James George Frazer ( 1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941 ) are generally considered the antecedents to modern social anthropology in Britain.

* 1854 – Henry David Thoreau publishes Walden.

* 1854 – Charles Dickens ' Hard Times begins serialisation in his magazine, Household Words.

Arthur Aikin FGS ( 19 May 1773 – 15 April 1854 ) was an English chemist, mineralogist and scientific writer.

* George Finlay ( 1854 ), History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057 – 1453, Volume 2, William Blackwood & Sons

* 1854 – Moritz Moszkowski, Polish-German composer ( d. 1925 )

* 1773 – Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, French statesman ( d. 1854 )

* 1929 – Aletta Jacobs, Dutch physician ( b. 1854 )

* 1854 – The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships.

* 1854 – William Stang, German prelate and Bishop ( d. 1907 )

* Jean-Baptiste Muard ( 1809 – 1854 )

In 1846 Robert Smirke was replaced as the Museum's architect by his brother Sydney Smirke, whose major addition was the Round Reading Room 1854 – 1857 ; at in diameter it was then the second widest dome in the world, the Pantheon in Rome being slightly wider.

Layard's work was continued by his assistant, Hormuzd Rassam and in 1852 – 1854 he went on to discover the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh with many magnificent reliefs, including the famous Royal Lion Hunt scenes.

#* Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

#** Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte ( 1803 – 1857 ), ornithologist and politician married Princess Zénaïde Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

The " Orange " in Orange Free State ( 1854 – 1902 ) was named after the Protestant House of Orange in the Netherlands.

* Oscar Wilde ( 1854 – 1900 ), author and playwright ( educated in Portora Royal School )

* Pope Cyril IV of Alexandria reigned 1854 – 1861

C. D. Yonge, London, H. G. Bohn, 1854 – 1890 ):

One of the major contributions to fighting cholera was made by the physician and pioneer medical scientist John Snow ( 1813 – 1858 ), who in 1854 found a link between cholera and contaminated drinking water.

* 1854 – In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Virgin Mary was born free of original sin.

* 1854 – Eureka Stockade: In what is claimed by many to be the birth of Australian democracy, more than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, Australia are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences.

The Battle of Eureka Stockade ( by which the rebellion is popularly known ) was fought between miners and the Colonial forces of Australia on 3 December 1854 at Eureka Lead and named for the stockade structure erected by miners during the conflict.

* 1854 – In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General José María Yáñez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon.

* 1854 – Crimean War: The Battle of Inkerman.

* 1854 – Battle of Alma: British and French troops defeat Russians in the Crimea.

File: Inkermann. jpg | The 20th Foot at the Battle of Inkerman, Crimean War, 1854

The Battle of Malakoff | final French assault brought about the Siege of Sevastopol ( 1854 – 1855 ) | capture of Sevastopol in September 1855, leading to the end of the Crimean War.

The Navy purchased the original 956 acres ( 3. 9 km² ) of MINSY in 1853 and commenced shipbuilding operations on September 16, 1854 under the command of then-Commander David Farragut, who would later gain fame during the US Civil War Battle of Mobile Bay, when he gave the order, " Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!

Eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded to the defenders of Rorke's Drift, seven of them to soldiers of the 2nd / 24th Foot – the most ever received in a single action by one regiment ( although not, as commonly thought, the most won in a single action or the most won in a day: 16 were won at the Battle of Inkerman, on 5 November 1854 ; 28 were won during the Second Relief of Lucknow, 14 – 22 November 1857 ).

* Post opposite El Paso del Norte ( 1849 – 1854 ): In 1846, Colonel Alexander Doniphan led 1st Regiment of Missouri mounted volunteers through El Paso del Norte, with victories at the Battle of El Brazito and the Battle of the Sacramento.

During the early twentieth century they were popular in Russia with re-enactments of the Siege of Sevastopol ( 1854 – 1855 ) ( 1906 ), the Battle of Borodino ( 1812 ) in St Petersburg and the Taking of Azov ( 1696 ) in Voronezh in 1918.

The Battle of the Alma ( 20 September 1854 ), which is usually considered the first battle of the Crimean War ( 1853 – 1856 ), took place just south of the River Alma in the Crimea.

The Battle of Inkerman was fought during the Crimean War on November 5, 1854 between the allied armies of Britain and France against the Imperial Russian Army.

Battle of Isandlwana painting by Charles Edwin Fripp ( 1854 – 1906 )

He died on board ship, shortly after commanding at the Battle of the Alma ( 20 September 1854 ).

He missed the Battle of Inkerman ( 4 November and 5 November 1854 ), casually asking journalist William Russell ( who was returning from the conflict ) " What are they doing, what was the firing for ...?

* The Thin Red Line ( Battle of Balaclava ), an 1854 military action during the Crimean War, and later figurative uses of the term

The Battle of Balaclava, fought on 25 October 1854 during the Crimean War, was part of the Anglo-French-Turkish campaign to capture the port and fortress of Sevastopol, Russia's principal naval base on the Black Sea.

Field Marshal Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey, KG, GCB, GCH, PC ( 17 May 1768 – 29 April 1854 ), styled Lord Paget between 1784 and 1812 and known as The Earl of Uxbridge between 1812 and 1815, was a British military leader and politician, now chiefly remembered for leading the charge of the heavy cavalry against d ' Erlon's column during the Battle of Waterloo.

He fought several decisive actions at the Battle of the Alma in 1854 and during the siege of Sebastopol ( 1854 / 55 ) where he maintained his reputation and for which he was mentioned in dispatches on several occasions.

The Thin Red Line was a military action by the Sutherland Highlanders red-coated 93rd ( Highland ) Regiment at the Battle of Balaclava on 25 October 1854, during the Crimean War.

* Alma River ( Ukraine ), site of the 1854 Battle of Alma in the Crimean War

* Battle of Alma, an 1854 battle of the Crimean War