The 1858 senate campaign featured the seven Lincoln – Douglas debates of 1858, the most famous political debates in American history.

* 1858 – Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician ( d. 1932 )

* 1858 – Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, ( d. 1934 )

After 1890 came philosopher Josiah Royce ( 1855 – 1916 ), botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey ( 1858 – 1954 ), the Southern Agrarians of the 1920s and 1930s, novelist John Steinbeck ( 1902 – 1968 ), historian A. Whitney Griswold ( 1906 – 1963 ), environmentalist Aldo Leopold ( 1887 – 1948 ), Ralph Borsodi ( 1886 – 1977 ), and present-day authors Wendell Berry ( b. 1934 ), Gene Logsdon ( b. 1932 ), Paul Thompson, and Allan C. Carlson ( b. 1949 ).

* 1858 – Gaston Doumergue, French politician ( d. 1937 )

* 1858 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer ( d. 1884 )

Bloch was highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache ( 1845 – 1918 ) and the sociology of Émile Durkheim ( 1858 – 1917 ).

* 1858 – The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is wound up.

* Adrian Kashchenko ( 1858 – 1921 ), Ukrainian writer, historian of Zaporozhian Cossacks

* 1858 – E. Nesbit, English author ( d. 1924 )

* 1858 – U. S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new transatlantic telegraph cable by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

* 1858 – Arthur Achleitner, German writer ( d. 1927 )

* 1858 – Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria ( d. 1889 )

* Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia ( 1842 – 1858 )

* 1858 – The Round Oak rail accident occurs in Brierley Hill in the Black Country, England.

* 1858 – Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts.

* 1858 – The Eiger in the Bernese Alps is ascended for the first time by Charles Barrington accompanied by Christian Almer and Peter Bohren.

* 1858 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1930 )

** Charles Waring Darwin ( 1856 – 1858 ), youngest son of Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 1882 )

* 1916 – Charles de Foucauld, French religious figure ( b. 1858 )

* 1858 – Charles Darwin receives a paper from Alfred Russel Wallace that includes nearly identical conclusions about evolution as Darwin's own, prompting Darwin to publish his theory.

* 1858 – Joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society.

Charles Kean and his wife as Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, in costumes aiming to be historically accurate ( 1858 )

By 1858 attention had swung back to local issues with a land dispute in New Plymouth prompting Governor Thomas Gore Brown to call out its Militia under Captain Charles Brown.

* January 8 – Charles Alexander Eastman, Native American author, physician, reformer, helped found the Boy Scouts of America ( b. 1858 )

* November 15 – Charles Waddell Chesnutt, African American author, essayist, political activist ( b. 1858 )

In 1858, a migrant freethinker and evolutionary named Denton challenged him to a debate ( Charles Darwin's Origin of Species was published the next year ).

In 1858, the brief period of unification under the Nguyễn Dynasty ended with a successful attack on Da Nang by French Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly under the orders of Napoleon III.

* 1858 — Charles R. Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently proposed a theory of biological evolution (" descent through modification ") by means of natural selection.

He approved the launching of a naval expedition under Charles Rigault de Genouilly in 1858 to punish the Vietnamese for their mistreatment of French Catholic missionaries and force the court to accept a French presence in the country.

In 1858, Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis reached Rzeszów, which resulted in further development of the town.

In 1858, this furnace, known as Valley Forge, became the property of Chouteau, Harrison and Vallé, Charles A. Pilley, superintendent, and was profitably worked until 1863 when the machinery was removed and the buildings and lands sold.

Brooks County was created 11 December 1858 from portions of Lowndes and Thomas counties by an act of the Georgia General Assembly named in honor of Preston Brooks, famous and acclaimed throughout the South for having beaten to unconsciousness, Senator Charles Sumner in 1856 in Congress.

* Birthplace of Major-General Sir Richard Havelock Charles, 1st Baronet ( 1858 – 1934 ), doctor, and Serjeant Surgeon to King George V.

Charles Compton Cavendish, fourth son of the first Earl of Burlington, was created Baron Chesham in 1858.

Charles Benbow's son, Jesse Benbow, built a more refined Greek Revival four-square home in 1858 on land inherited from his father.

Henry Bates was one of a group of outstanding naturalist-explorers who were supporters of the theory of evolution by natural selection ( Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace 1858 ).

In January 1858 Symonds received a letter from his friend Alfred Pretor ( 1840 – 1908 ), telling of Pretor's affair with their headmaster, Charles John Vaughan.

* Weiss, Nancy J. Charles Francis Murphy, 1858 – 1924: respectability and responsibility in Tammany politics ( 1968 ).

* Jourdain, Charles, Sextus Empiricus ( Paris, 1858 )

* Musée de la Vie romantique, Paris: Ary Scheffer, Portrait of Calvin, oil on canvas, 1858

Bloch was highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache ( 1845 – 1918 ) and the sociology of Émile Durkheim ( 1858 – 1917 ).

The Suez Canal Company ( Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez ) came into being on 15 December 1858 and work started on the shore of the future Port Said on 25 April 1859.

* 15 December 1858 — Lesseps establishes the " Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez ", with Said Pasha acquiring 22 % of the Suez Canal Company ; the majority is still controlled by French private holders.

* Ferdinand de Lesseps ( 15 December 1858 – 7 December 1894 )

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* January 23 – Auguste de Montferrand, French architect ( d. 1858 )

This period of accomplishments was followed by a long but slow decline, marked only by the moderate successes of La punizione ( Venice, 1854 ) Il saltimbanco ( Rome, 1858 ) and Niccolò de ' Lapi ( Florence, 1873 ).

After the completion of The Source, Ingres produced paintings of historical genre, such as two versions of Louis XIV and Molière, ( 1857 and 1860 ), as well as several religious works in which the figure of the Virgin from The Vow of Louis XIII is reprised: The Virgin of the Adoption of 1858 ( painted for Mademoiselle Roland-Gosselin ) was followed by The Virgin Crowned ( painted for Madame la Baronne de Larinthie ) and The Virgin with Child.

Gautier's many travels inspired many of his writings including Voyage en Espagne ( 1843 ), Trésors d ’ Art de la Russie ( 1858 ), and Voyage en Russie ( 1867 ).

He was promoted to an Officier de la Legion d ' Honneur in 1858.

* Le Roman de La Momie ( 1858 )

* 1858: Le Roman de la momie | Honoré de Balzac

Émile Durkheim ( 1858 – 1917 ) is credited as having been the first professor to successfully establish the field of sociology, institutionalizing a department of sociology at the Université de Bordeaux in the 1890s.

* Auguste de Montferrand ( 1786 – 1858 ), architect

The Palais de Justice, the Conciergerie and the Tour de l ' Horloge, by Adrien Dauzats, after 1858

Under the orders of Napoleon III of France, Rigault de Genouilly's gunships attacked the port of Đà Nẵng in 1858, causing significant damage, yet failed to gain any foothold, in the process being afflicted by the humidity and tropical diseases.

* Rémy de Gourmont ( 1858 – 1915 )