The 1858 senate campaign featured the seven Lincoln – Douglas debates of 1858, the most famous political debates in American history.

* 1858 – Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician ( d. 1932 )

* 1858 – Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, ( d. 1934 )

After 1890 came philosopher Josiah Royce ( 1855 – 1916 ), botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey ( 1858 – 1954 ), the Southern Agrarians of the 1920s and 1930s, novelist John Steinbeck ( 1902 – 1968 ), historian A. Whitney Griswold ( 1906 – 1963 ), environmentalist Aldo Leopold ( 1887 – 1948 ), Ralph Borsodi ( 1886 – 1977 ), and present-day authors Wendell Berry ( b. 1934 ), Gene Logsdon ( b. 1932 ), Paul Thompson, and Allan C. Carlson ( b. 1949 ).

* 1858 – Gaston Doumergue, French politician ( d. 1937 )

* 1858 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer ( d. 1884 )

Bloch was highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache ( 1845 – 1918 ) and the sociology of Émile Durkheim ( 1858 – 1917 ).

* 1858 – The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is wound up.

* Adrian Kashchenko ( 1858 – 1921 ), Ukrainian writer, historian of Zaporozhian Cossacks

* 1858 – E. Nesbit, English author ( d. 1924 )

* 1858 – U. S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new transatlantic telegraph cable by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

* 1858 – Arthur Achleitner, German writer ( d. 1927 )

* 1858 – Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria ( d. 1889 )

* Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia ( 1842 – 1858 )

* 1858 – The Round Oak rail accident occurs in Brierley Hill in the Black Country, England.

* 1858 – Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts.

* 1858 – The Eiger in the Bernese Alps is ascended for the first time by Charles Barrington accompanied by Christian Almer and Peter Bohren.

* 1858 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1930 )

Eliezer Ben ‑ Yehuda ( ; 7 January 1858 – 16 December 1922 ) was a Litvak lexicographer and newspaper editor.

His paternal grandfather was Maximilian Steiner ( 1830 – 1880 ), the influential manager of Vienna's Theater an der Wien ; his father was Gabor Steiner ( 1858 – 1944 ), Viennese impresario and carnival and exposition manager, responsible for the Ferris wheel in the Prater that would become the setting for a key scene of the film The Third Man ( 1949 ); his godfather was the composer Richard Strauss.

The congress did not reach any conclusive results, but several key participants returned home with Stanislao Cannizzaro's outline ( 1858 ), which ultimately convinces them of the validity of his scheme for calculating atomic weights.

Its location on a coaching route and the opening of a railway station in 1858 were key to its development and the economic history of Bromley is underpinned by a shift from an agrarian village to commercial and retail hub.

Although not initially formed with the aim of initiating medical reform, the BMA played a key role in the drafting and passing of the Medical Act 1858, which established the General Medical Council and set a standard for qualified and unqualified doctors and established a system of professional regulation.

* Burt, William A., A key to the solar compass and surveyor's companion, William S. Young, 1858

On August 19, 1858, two well-dressed thieves on a tour of the mint used a counterfeit key to open a display case.

* 1916 – Charles de Foucauld, French religious figure ( b. 1858 )

After the completion of The Source, Ingres produced paintings of historical genre, such as two versions of Louis XIV and Molière, ( 1857 and 1860 ), as well as several religious works in which the figure of the Virgin from The Vow of Louis XIII is reprised: The Virgin of the Adoption of 1858 ( painted for Mademoiselle Roland-Gosselin ) was followed by The Virgin Crowned ( painted for Madame la Baronne de Larinthie ) and The Virgin with Child.

* George Barker Hall ( 1819 – 1858 ), lawyer, judge and political figure in Canada West

* Aaron Skinner ( 1800 – 1858 )— civic figure and supervisor of improvements to Grove Street Cemetery

* John Moore ( Quebec politician ) ( died 1858 ), contractor and political figure in Lower Canada

* Kang Youwei ( 1858 – 1927 ), reformist political figure from the late Qing dynasty

Marks was the nephew of Marcus M. Marks ( 1858 – 1937 ), an important business figure who served as Borough President of Manhattan.

Ebenezer Sumner Draper ( June 17, 1858 – April 9, 1914 ) was a U. S. political figure.

* Charles Francis Murphy ( 1858 – 1924 ), American political figure who was leader of Tammany Hall, 1902 – 1924

The higher figure relates to the evacuation of the Canyon during the Fraser Canyon War of 1858.

She married the Broadway producer, writer, director, actor Henry Miller ( 1858 – 1926 ) with whom she had a son, Gilbert Miller who would become a major Broadway figure in his own right.

Marc Alonzo Klaw ( May 29, 1858 – June 14, 1936 ) was an American lawyer, theatrical producer, theatre owner, and a leading figure of the Theatrical Syndicate.

Francisco Antonio Pinto y Díaz de la Puente ( July 23, 1785-July 18, 1858 ) was a Chilean political figure.

* William Morris ( Canadian businessman ) ( 1786 – 1858 ), businessman and political figure in Upper Canada

Poster for a revival of Offenbach's 1858 Orphée Aux Enfers

The town is significant musically, and largely through the contribution of an immigrant family: Arnold Dolmetsch, musician and instrument maker, was born in France in 1858, and it was his family who revived the descant recorder and began the revival of many other instruments of early music, at the very beginning of the revival of historically informed performance which came to fruition in the late 20th century.