The 1858 senate campaign featured the seven Lincoln – Douglas debates of 1858, the most famous political debates in American history.

* 1858 – Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician ( d. 1932 )

* 1858 – Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, ( d. 1934 )

After 1890 came philosopher Josiah Royce ( 1855 – 1916 ), botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey ( 1858 – 1954 ), the Southern Agrarians of the 1920s and 1930s, novelist John Steinbeck ( 1902 – 1968 ), historian A. Whitney Griswold ( 1906 – 1963 ), environmentalist Aldo Leopold ( 1887 – 1948 ), Ralph Borsodi ( 1886 – 1977 ), and present-day authors Wendell Berry ( b. 1934 ), Gene Logsdon ( b. 1932 ), Paul Thompson, and Allan C. Carlson ( b. 1949 ).

* 1858 – Gaston Doumergue, French politician ( d. 1937 )

* 1858 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer ( d. 1884 )

Bloch was highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache ( 1845 – 1918 ) and the sociology of Émile Durkheim ( 1858 – 1917 ).

* 1858 – The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is wound up.

* Adrian Kashchenko ( 1858 – 1921 ), Ukrainian writer, historian of Zaporozhian Cossacks

* 1858 – E. Nesbit, English author ( d. 1924 )

* 1858 – U. S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new transatlantic telegraph cable by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

* 1858 – Arthur Achleitner, German writer ( d. 1927 )

* 1858 – Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria ( d. 1889 )

* Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia ( 1842 – 1858 )

* 1858 – The Round Oak rail accident occurs in Brierley Hill in the Black Country, England.

* 1858 – Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts.

* 1858 – The Eiger in the Bernese Alps is ascended for the first time by Charles Barrington accompanied by Christian Almer and Peter Bohren.

* 1858 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1930 )

** Emmeline Pankhurst, British women's suffrage campaigner ( b. 1858 )

Emmeline Pankhurst ( born Emmeline Goulden ) ( 15 July 1858 – 14 June 1928 ) was a British political activist and leader of the British suffragette movement which helped women win the right to vote.

Emmeline Goulden was born on July 15, 1858 in the Manchester suburb of Moss Side.

* 1858 – Harry Hamilton Johnston, English polymath ( d. 1927 )

* 1858 – Beatrice Webb, English economist ( d. 1943 )

* 1858 – J. Meade Falkner, English novelist and poet ( d. 1932 )

* 1858 – Robert Owen, English activist ( b. 1771 )

* 1807 – Harriet Taylor Mill, English feminist philosopher ( d. 1858 )

In 1858, the Society agreed to the project in principle, with the title A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles ( NED ).

During the early 1850s, two German Egyptologists, Heinrich Brugsch and Max Uhlemann, produced revised Latin translations based on the demotic and hieroglyphic texts ; the first English translation, the work of three members of the Philomathean Society at the University of Pennsylvania, followed in 1858.

* 1858 – Edward Marshall Hall, English barrister ( d. 1927 )

* 1858 – Kate Booth, English Salvation Army officer ( d. 1955 )

* April 1 – John A. Hobson, English economist ( b. 1858 ).

* October 8 – Harriet Taylor, English philosophical writer ( d. 1858 )

** Caroline Cornwallis, English writer ( d. 1858 )

A Dictionary of Modern English Usage ( 1926 ), by Henry Watson Fowler ( 1858 – 1933 ), is a style guide to British English usage, pronunciation, and writing.

Francis Edward Bache ( September 14, 1833 – August 24, 1858 ) was an English organist and composer.

* Francis Octavius Bedford ( 1784 – 1858 ), an English architect

He was one of four brothers who may have been born in Liscannor, County Clare, Ireland to an Irish speaking mother, Máire Ní Scannláin, and John Holland, and learned English properly only when he attended the local English-speaking National School system and, from 1858, in the Christian Brothers in Ennistymon.

The first was the English Alpine Club ( founded in the winter of 1857 – 1858 ), followed in 1862 by the Austrian Alpine Club ( which in 1873 was fused, under the name of the German and Austrian Alpine Club, with the German Alpine Club, founded in 1869 ), in 1863 by the Italian and Swiss Alpine Clubs, and in 1874 by the French Alpine Club, not to mention numerous minor societies of more local character.

The two main streets in the city are High Avenue and Broadway, both of which were named after two main streets from Philadelphia, except, in Philadelphia, High Avenue was renamed Market Street in 1858, " the High Street " was the familiar name of the principal street in nearly every English town at the time Philadelphia was founded, and Broad Street is the closest street name in Philadelphia to Broadway.

Toombs favored the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the admission of Kansas under the Lecompton Constitution, and the English Bill ( 1858 ).

In 1860 he was appointed by the British Crown to the inaugural Regius Chair of Logic and the Regius Chair of English Literature at the University of Aberdeen, which was newly formed after the amalgamation of King's College, Aberdeen and Marischal College by the Scottish Universities Commission of 1858.

Until 1858 neither logic nor English had received adequate attention in Aberdeen, and Bain devoted himself to supplying these deficiencies.

* Constance Naden ( 1858 – 1889 ), English poet