The 1858 senate campaign featured the seven Lincoln – Douglas debates of 1858, the most famous political debates in American history.

* 1858 – Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician ( d. 1932 )

* 1858 – Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, ( d. 1934 )

After 1890 came philosopher Josiah Royce ( 1855 – 1916 ), botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey ( 1858 – 1954 ), the Southern Agrarians of the 1920s and 1930s, novelist John Steinbeck ( 1902 – 1968 ), historian A. Whitney Griswold ( 1906 – 1963 ), environmentalist Aldo Leopold ( 1887 – 1948 ), Ralph Borsodi ( 1886 – 1977 ), and present-day authors Wendell Berry ( b. 1934 ), Gene Logsdon ( b. 1932 ), Paul Thompson, and Allan C. Carlson ( b. 1949 ).

* 1858 – Gaston Doumergue, French politician ( d. 1937 )

* 1858 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer ( d. 1884 )

Bloch was highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache ( 1845 – 1918 ) and the sociology of Émile Durkheim ( 1858 – 1917 ).

* 1858 – The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is wound up.

* Adrian Kashchenko ( 1858 – 1921 ), Ukrainian writer, historian of Zaporozhian Cossacks

* 1858 – E. Nesbit, English author ( d. 1924 )

* 1858 – U. S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new transatlantic telegraph cable by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

* 1858 – Arthur Achleitner, German writer ( d. 1927 )

* 1858 – Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria ( d. 1889 )

* Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia ( 1842 – 1858 )

* 1858 – The Round Oak rail accident occurs in Brierley Hill in the Black Country, England.

* 1858 – Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts.

* 1858 – The Eiger in the Bernese Alps is ascended for the first time by Charles Barrington accompanied by Christian Almer and Peter Bohren.

* 1858 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1930 )

* 1858 – Vladimir Serbsky, Russian psychiatrist ( d. 1917 )

* 1858 – Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov, Russian painter ( b. 1806 )

* November 4 – Ludwig Struve, Russian astronomer ( b. 1858 )

* April 4 – Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian artist ( b. 1858 )

The Russian Empire and the Qing Empire had maintained a long peace, starting with the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, but Czarist forces took advantage of Chinese defeats to impose the Aigun Treaty of 1858 and the Treaty of Peking of 1860 which ceded territory in Manchuria much of which is held by Russia to the present day.

In December 1858 the Russian government authorized formation of the Amur Cossacks to protect the southeast boundary of Siberia and communications on the Amur and Ussuri rivers.

* Marie Bashkirtseff ( 1858 – 1884 ), Russian artist famous for her published journal ; her tomb is a recreation of her studio and has been declared a historical monument by the government of France

Actually born November 12, 1858, by the Russian calendar ; November 24, 1858, by the Gregorian calendar, which is twelve days ahead of the Russian.

On 28 May 1858, the separate Treaty of Aigun was signed with Russia to revise the Chinese and Russian border as determined by the Nerchinsk Treaty in 1689.

In 1858 and 1860 the Qing government were forced to give up all land beyond the Amur and Ussuri Rivers to the Russian Empire, cutting off Manchu Qing Empire from the Sea of Japan and giving Heilongjiang its present northern borders.

In 1858, the Russian explorer and naturalist Nikolai Severtzov proposed the name Otocolobus for the species .< ref > Severtzow, M. N. ( 1858 ).

Bobrikov became an officer in the Russian army in 1858 after which he served in the Kazan military district and as divisional chief-of-staff in Novgorod.

Despite not asking the return of territory, the Chinese did ask the USSR to formally ( publicly ) acknowledge that said border, established with the Treaty of Aigun ( 1858 ) and the Convention of Peking ( 1860 ), was a historic Russian injustice against China ; the Soviet government ignored the matter.

* November 4-Ludwig Struve, Russian astronomer ( born 1858 ).

In Palestine, land reforms, especially the change in land ownership structure via the Ottoman Land Law of 1858, allowed Russian Jews to buy land in Palestine, thus enabling them to immigrate there under the first Aliya.

It remained in place until 1858, when the Crimean War removed the two countries from Russian influence and confirmed the rule by several European powers first established by the Treaty of Paris ; the Paris Convention of 1858 remained the governing document following the election of Alexandru Ioan Cuza as Domnitor over the united countries ( 1859 ), but was replaced by Cuza's own organic law, entitled Statutul dezvoltător al Convenţiei de la Paris (" Statute expanding the Paris Convention "), in 1864.

Furthermore, similar titles were awarded for comparable non-military services to the empire, e. g. in 1858 — Amursky for another Nicholas Muravyov, who had negotiated a new border between Russian and China along the Amur River under the Treaty of Aigun.

Meanwhile, some Chinese have criticised the treaty as an official acknowledgement of the legitimacy of Russian rule over Outer Manchuria, which was ceded by the Qing Dynasty to Imperial Russia under a series of Unequal Treaties, which included the Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and the Convention of Peking in 1860, in order to exchange exclusive usage of Russia's rich oil resources.

The Treaty of Aigun () was a 1858 treaty between the Russian Empire, and the empire of the Qing Dynasty, the sinicized-Manchu rulers of China, that established much of the modern border between the Russian Far East and Manchuria ( the original homeland of the Manchu people and the Qing Dynasty ), which is now known as Northeast China.

* 1858 – Tore Svennberg, Swedish actor, theatre director ( d. 1941 )

On the evening of 14 January 1858, as the Emperor and Empress were on their way to the theatre in the Rue Le Peletier, the precursor of the Opera Garnier, to see Rossini's William Tell, Orsini and his accomplices threw three bombs at the imperial carriage.

Work on the third theatre, designed by Edward Middleton Barry, started in 1857 and the new building, which still remains as the nucleus of the present theatre, was built by Lucas Brothers and opened on 15 May 1858 with a performance of Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots.

The Royal English Opera company under the management of Louisa Pyne and William Harrison, made their last performance at Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on 11 December 1858 and took up residence at the theatre on 20 December 1858 with a performance of Michael Balfe's Satanella and continued at the theatre until 1864.

After this experience, partly as actor, partly as manager, he won his first pronounced success in 1858 as Asa Trenchard in Tom Taylor's Our American Cousin at Laura Keene's theatre in New York.

The old theatre was demolished, and on 26 December 1858, The New Adelphi was opened and was considered an improvement on the cramped circumstances of the original, which had been described as a " hasty conversion from a tavern hall, permanently kept in its provisional state ".

Street access to that theatre was greatly constricted, and after an attempted assassination of Napoleon III at the theatre's entrance on 14 January 1858, it was decided to build a new opera house with a separate, more secure entrance for the head of state.

< onlyinclude >* Charles Hawtrey ( actor born 1858 ) ( 1858 – 1923 ), British stage ( and early silent film ) actor, producer and theatre manager

African-American theatre was relatively dormant, except for the 1858 play The Escape ; or, A Leap for Freedom by William Wells Brown, who was an ex-slave.

André Antoine ( 31 January 1858 – 23 October 1943 ) was a French actor, theatre manager, film director, author, and critic who is considered the father of modern mise en scène in France.

Marc Alonzo Klaw ( May 29, 1858 – June 14, 1936 ) was an American lawyer, theatrical producer, theatre owner, and a leading figure of the Theatrical Syndicate.

He also states that Kobbé's information that the aria " M ' appari " ( from Flotow's opera L ' âme en peine ) was first inserted at that theatre is also incorrect, that it was sung by Mario at the Théâtre-Italien in 1858 and is also found ( as " Ach!