On May 9 – 10, 1860, the Illinois Republican State Convention was held in Decatur.

* 1860 – The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints — later renamed Community of Christ — is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois

* 1805 – Joseph Locke, English railway and civil engineer ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – Annie Oakley, American target shooter ( d. 1926 )

* 1860 – The Second Maori War begins in New Zealand.

* 1860 – William Kennedy Dickson, France-Scottish actor, director, and inventor ( d. 1935 )

* 1860 – Alan Leo, English astrologer ( d. 1917 )

* 1860 – Henrietta Vinton Davis, American writer and public speaker ( d. 1941 )

* 1860 – Florence Harding, American publisher, 31st First Lady of the United States ( d. 1924 )

* 1860 – Jules Laforgue, French poet ( d. 1887 )

* 1860 – Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke, England cricketer ( d. 1938 )

* 1860 – Klara Hitler, Austrian mother of Adolf Hitler ( d. 1907 )

" The Transubstantiation of a Poor White ", in Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward the History of the Part Which Black People Have Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860 – 1880 ( 1935 ).

Unionism and Reconstruction in Tennessee, 1860 – 1869 ( 1934 ) online edition

* 1789 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, French wife of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.

* 1860 – Isaac Levitan, Russian painter ( d. 1900 )

* 1860 – The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California.

* 1860 – Charles XV of Sweden of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim.

Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.

* 1860 – Ottó Bláthy, Hungarian engineer and inventor ( d. 1939 )

* 1860 – The first successful United States Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins.

* 1860 – Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian singer and composer ( d. 1936 )

As early as 1860, Isaac Spratt, a London toy dealer, published a booklet, Badminton Battledore – a new game, but unfortunately no copy has survived.

Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz y Pascual () ( 29 May 1860, Camprodon – 18 May 1909, Cambo-les-Bains ) was a Spanish pianist and composer best known for his piano works based on folk music idioms.

* G. Jean-Aubry, “ Isaac Albéniz 1860 – 1909 ,” The Musical Times, Vol 58 No. 898, Musical Times Publications Ltd., December 1917 pgs 535 – 538.

The first white settler in what is now Price County was Major Isaac Stone, who located on the Spirit River in 1860 to engage in lumbering.

Among Whewell's other works — too numerous to mention — were popular writings such as the third Bridgewater Treatise Astronomy and General Physics considered with reference to Natural Theology ( 1833 ), and the essay, Of the Plurality of Worlds ( 1853 ), in which he argued against the probability of life on other planets, and also the Platonic Dialogues for English Readers ( 1850 – 1861 ), the Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy in England ( 1852 ), the essay, Of a Liberal Education in General, with particular reference to the Leading Studies of the University of Cambridge ( 1845 ), the important edition and abridged translation of Hugo Grotius, De jure belli ac pacis ( 1853 ), and the edition of the Mathematical Works of Isaac Barrow ( 1860 ).

Isaac Baer Levinsohn ( 1788 – 1860 ) became known as the " Russian Mendelssohn ".

He was born at Sonneborn near Elberfeld, and studied theology at Bonn ( from 1822 ) under K. I. Nitzsch and G. C. F. Lücke, held several pastorates, and eventually ( 1854 ) settled at Bonn as professor of theology in succession to Isaac August Dorner, becoming also in 1860 counsellor to the consistory.

* G. M. Koot, " T. E. Cliffe Leslie, Irish Social Reform, and the Origins of the English Historical School of Economics ," in James Wilson ( 1805 – 1860 ), Isaac Butt ( 1813 – 1879 ), T. E. Cliffe Leslie ( 1827 – 1882 ), ed.

In 1860, St. Thomas Manor school closed, and Isaac found work in Baltimore, Maryland.

Isaac Ilyich Levitan (; August 30, 1860 – ) was a classical Lithuanian-Russian landscape painter who advanced the genre of the " mood landscape ".

* Isaac Albéniz ( 1860 – 1909 ), Spanish composer and pianist

For Sir John Hill's attack on Folkes ( Review of the Works of the Royal Soc., 1751 ), see Isaac D ' Israeli, Calamities and Quarrels of Authors ( 1860 ), pp. 364 – 366.

right By 1860, mule train and later stagecoach traffic between California's Central Valley, Yreka, California and Oregon had increased, and the McClouds ( and their business partner Isaac Fry ) built and operated a toll bridge over the Sacramento River at Upper Soda Springs, as well as increasing the size of the inn.

He worked on William Penny's Expedition ( 1850 – 51 ), Elisha Kane's Second Grinnell Expedition ( 1853 – 1855 ) into Kane Basin, Francis Leopold McClintock Expedition ( 1857 ) and Isaac Israel Hayes North Pole Expedition ( 1860 – 61 ).

Isaac da Costa ( January 14, 1798 – April 28, 1860 ) was a Dutch poet.

Image: Edouard Manet 061. jpg | The Spanish Singer, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1860

The current limits of the Spanish territory around the fortress were fixed by treaties with Morocco in 1859, 1860, 1861, and 1894.

While an " underground railroad " running south toward Florida, then a Spanish possession, existed from the late 17th century until shortly after the American Revolution, the network now generally known as the Underground Railroad was formed in the early 19th century, and reached its height between 1850 and 1860.

From this Spanish line comes the royal line of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ( 1734 – 1806 and 1815 – 1860, and Sicily only in 1806 – 1816 ), the Bourbon of the Two Sicilies family, and the Bourbon rulers of the Duchy of Parma.

Thereafter it shared the fate of the Kingdom of Naples — including the period of Spanish rule of which the 16th-century castle of Charles V, overlooking modern Crotone, serves as a reminder — and its successor, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which was conquered by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860 and incorporated into the new Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

Between 1855 and 1860, the arrival of pioneers from Iceland made Spanish Fork into the first permanent Icelandic settlement in the United States.

In April 1860, the city was platted in anticipation of the completion of the Cairo and Fulton Railroad which would intersect with the Spanish King's Highway.

The territory and its main town of Sidi Ifni were ceded to Spain by Morocco on April 26, 1860, but there was little interest in this colonial acquisition until 1934 when the governor-general of Spanish Sahara took up residence.

Madabita ( 1842 – 1860 ) and Sepoko ( 1860 – 1875 ) were principal local chiefs during the reestablishment of Spanish rule on the island.

Nearby Jolon was established as a gold mining town on an old Salinan village site in 1860, astride El Camino Real, the old road connecting all the Spanish missions in California.

Together, with the minor aid of Bolivia and Ecuador ( who had fought an inconclusive war with Peru from 1858 to 1860 ), they forced the Spanish to withdraw after clashes at Papudo, Abtao, and Callao.

Examples of Crisis eras include the Wars of the Roses ( 1459 – 1487 ), the Spanish Armada Crisis ( 1569 – 1594 ), the colonial Glorious Revolution ( 1675 – 1704 ), the American Revolution ( 1773 – 1794 ), the American Civil War ( 1860 – 1865 ), and the twin emergencies of the Great Depression and World War II ( 1929 – 1946 ).

Its classical period, which scholars demarcate as from 1860 to 1939, is associated with the working-class movements of the 19th century and the Spanish Civil War-era struggles against fascism.

* Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas ( 1860 – 1933 ), Spanish politician and prime minister briefly in 1931

She was almost wrecked on 13 February 1860 attempting to rescue the crew of the Spanish brig Samaritano, which at about 5. 30am ran onto the Margate Sands in a squall.

In 1860 part I was translated into English by Robert Main, the Radcliffe observer at Oxford ; Bronnow himself published an English version in 1865 ; it reached in the original a fifth edition in 1881, and was also translated into French, Russian, Italian and Spanish.

In 1860, Pondal completed his studies and began working as a doctor for the Spanish Army at Ferrol.

In 1860 a military command was established by the Spanish authorities due to lawlessness and depredations perpetrated by the negritos ( also known as balugas or aetas ).

After having been administered by kapitanes since 1860 up to the close of the Spanish rule in 1899, the town under the Americans appointed its first president, Zacarias Jaen who led from 1900 to 1902.

The city of Sidi Ifni was incorporated into the Spanish colonial empire in 1860.

In 1859 Lieutenant Craven was ordered to the command of the steamer Mohawk, Home Squadron, in which he captured two slavers ; in 1860 he saved the crew of the Bella, a foundering Spanish vessel, for which he was given a gold medal and diploma by Queen Isabella II.