On May 9 – 10, 1860, the Illinois Republican State Convention was held in Decatur.

* 1860 – The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints — later renamed Community of Christ — is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois

* 1805 – Joseph Locke, English railway and civil engineer ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – Annie Oakley, American target shooter ( d. 1926 )

* 1860 – The Second Maori War begins in New Zealand.

* 1860 – William Kennedy Dickson, France-Scottish actor, director, and inventor ( d. 1935 )

* 1860 – Alan Leo, English astrologer ( d. 1917 )

* 1860 – Henrietta Vinton Davis, American writer and public speaker ( d. 1941 )

* 1860 – Florence Harding, American publisher, 31st First Lady of the United States ( d. 1924 )

* 1860 – Jules Laforgue, French poet ( d. 1887 )

* 1860 – Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke, England cricketer ( d. 1938 )

* 1860 – Klara Hitler, Austrian mother of Adolf Hitler ( d. 1907 )

" The Transubstantiation of a Poor White ", in Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward the History of the Part Which Black People Have Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860 – 1880 ( 1935 ).

Unionism and Reconstruction in Tennessee, 1860 – 1869 ( 1934 ) online edition

* 1789 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, French wife of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.

* 1860 – Isaac Levitan, Russian painter ( d. 1900 )

* 1860 – The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California.

* 1860 – Charles XV of Sweden of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim.

Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.

* 1860 – Ottó Bláthy, Hungarian engineer and inventor ( d. 1939 )

* 1860 – The first successful United States Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins.

* 1860 – Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian singer and composer ( d. 1936 )

The first instrumental analysis was flame emissive spectrometry developed by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff who discovered rubidium ( Rb ) and caesium ( Cs ) in 1860.

Two German chemists, Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, discovered caesium in 1860 by the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy.

The modern meaning of the flag was forged in December 1860 when Major Robert Anderson, acting without orders, moved the U. S. garrison from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor, in defiance of the power of the new Confederate States of America.

* Fogarty, Robert S. All Things New: American Communes and Utopian Movements, 1860 – 1914.

After the publication of the improved method of flame spectroscopy by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff and the discovery of caesium and rubidium in the years 1859 to 1860, flame spectroscopy became an approved method to determine the composition of minerals and chemical products.

* 1860 — Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen discover that each chemical element has its own distinct set of spectral lines

* Reverend Robert James Bateman ( 1860 – 1912 ), British-born pastor

Financial historians Richard Sylla and Robert E. Wright have shown that before 1860 most early U. S. corporations sold shares in themselves directly to the public without the aid of intermediaries like investment banks.

There were stories that it was named for Captain Robert Lyon, a survivor of the Pyramid Lake War in 1860, but Nevada State Archives staff discovered a county seal with the picture of the Civil War general and settled the conflict.

David Dale Owen ( 1807 – 1860 ), third son of Robert Owen, finished his formal education as a medical doctor in 1837.

Parents Robert W. and Charlotte Cannary are listed in the 1860 census living nearby in Ravanna, Mercer County, Missouri.

* George Robert Smith ( 1860 – 1922 ), Canadian politician

* Blüemlisalphorn – 27 August 1860 with Robert Living, Melchior Anderegg, F. Ogi, P. Simond and J. K. Stone

* William Robertson – Field Marshal Sir William Robert Robertson, 1st Baronet, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, DSO ( 29 January 1860 – 12 February 1933 ), Chief of the Imperial General Staff ( CIGS ) from 1916 to 1918 during the First World War.

Robert L. Munkres read 66 diaries of parties traveling the Oregon Trail between 1834 and 1860 to estimate the actual dangers they faced from Indian attacks in Nebraska and Wyoming.

Her mother, Minerva Buckner " Minnie " Machen ( November 23, 1860 – January 13, 1958 ), named her after characters in two little-known stories: Jane Howard's " Zelda: A Tale of the Massachusetts Colony " ( 1866 ) and Robert Edward Francillon's " Zelda's Fortune " ( 1874 ).

His son Robert built Stonehurst at the Bronx about 1860.

In 1860 – 61, Robert O ' Hara Burke and William John Wills led an expedition of 19 men with the intention of crossing Australia from Melbourne in the south to the Gulf of Carpentaria in the north, a distance of around 3, 250 kilometres ( approximately 2, 000 miles ).

Flower ( London, 1860 ), Marcus Dods ( Clark's Ante-Nicene Library ), and Robert M. Grant ( Clarendon Press, 1970 ).

* Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Arthur Hugh ( 31 May 1860 – 29 April 1929 ), who married Helen, the daughter of Sir Robert Sheffield, 5th Baronet.

On December 26, 1860, U. S. Major Robert Anderson surreptitiously moved his small command from the indefensible Fort Moultrie on Sullivan's Island to Fort Sumter, a substantial fortress controlling the entrance of Charleston Harbor.

The movement towards Darwinism was not one way, however, as evidenced by the Honorary Fellowship given to Robert Knox in 1860.

Brooks ( CSCO 105, Louvain, 1935 ), and was translated-sometimes paraphrase-into English by Robert Payne Smith ( Oxford, 1860 ), into German by J. M. Schonfelder ( Munich, 1862 ) and into Latin by Brooks ( CSCO 106, Louvain, 1936 ).

His most intimate companion at this time was Robert Buchanan, the poet ; and in May 1860 the two agreed to proceed to London, with the idea of finding literary employment.