* Atlas ( 1863 – 1885 ), one of the eight South Devon Railway Dido class steam locomotives

* 1863 – A 65-man French Foreign Legion infantry patrol fought a force of nearly 2, 000 Mexican soldiers to nearly the last man in Hacienda Camarón, Mexico.

* 1863 – Géza Gárdonyi, Hungarian writer and journalist ( d. 1922 )

** Haliotis varia f. dohrniana Dunker, 1863 – synonym: Haliotis dohrniana Dunker, 1863

* 1863 – American Civil War: following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis ( which is refused upon receipt ).

* 1863 – American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg – ships led by Union Admiral David Dixon Porter move through heavy Confederate artillery fire on approach to Vicksburg, Mississippi.

* 1863 – Ernest Thayer, American poet ( d. 1940 )

* Adrian Knox ( 1863 – 1932 ), Australian judge

* 1863 – The Anglo-Satsuma War begins between the Satsuma Domain of Japan and the United Kingdom ( Traditional Japanese date: July 2, 1863 ).

* 1863 – Aleksey Krylov, Russian engineer and mathematician ( d. 1945 )

* 1863 – The Dominican Restoration War begins when Gregorio Luperón raises the Dominican flag in Santo Domingo after Spain had recolonized the country.

* 1863 – American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter.

* 1863 – Lawrence, Kansas is destroyed by Confederate guerrillas Quantrill's Raiders in the Lawrence Massacre.

Cl., 43 ( 1863 ) 491 – 528 online (= Gesammelte philologische Schriften ( Leipzig & Berlin 1911 ) 1. 117 – 155 )

* Alfonso Sanz y Martínez de Arizala ( 28 January 1880, Madrid – 1970 ), married in 1922 to María de Guadalupe de Limantour y Mariscal ( d. 1977, Marbella ), daughter of Julio de Limantour y Marquet ( 17 June 1863, Mexico City – 11 October 1909, Mexico City ) and wife Elena Mariscal y ..., paternal granddaughter of French Joseph Yves de Limantour y Rence de la Pagame ( 1812, Ploemeur – 1885, Mexico City ) and wife Adèle Marquet y Cabannes ( 1820, Bordeaux –?

* 1863 – American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins – troops under Union Army Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi.

* 1863 – Richmond Bread Riot: Food shortages incite hundreds of angry women to riot in Richmond, Virginia and demand that the Confederate government release emergency supplies.

Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16 April 1889 to Hannah Chaplin ( née Hill, 1865 – 1928 ) and Charles Chaplin Sr. ( 1863 – 1901 ).

* 1863 – Charles Martin Hall, American chemist ( d. 1914 )

* 1863 – Charles Ringling, American circus owner ( d. 1926 )

* 1863 – Charles Michael, Duke of Mecklenburg ( d. 1934 )

Kagoshima was bombarded by the British Royal Navy in 1863 to punish the daimyō of Satsuma for the murder of Charles Lennox Richardson on the Tōkaidō highway the previous year and its refusal to pay an indemnity in compensation.

* 1863 Charles Friedel and James Crafts prepare organochlorosilanes

The same year, in the United States, Charles Martin Hall ( 1863 – 1914 ) was

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Cinchona plants were introduced in 1868 by Charles Elliot ( 1863 – 1870 ) with a view to exporting quinine but the experiment was abandoned by his successor Governor C. G. E. Patey ( 1870 – 1873 ), who also embarked on a programme of reducing the civil establishment.

* December 26 – Charles Pathé, French film pioneer ( b. 1863 )

* December 6 – Duke Charles Michael of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz ( b. 1863 )

In 1863, enlisting the support of Alexander Dallas Bache and Charles Henry Davis, a professional astronomer recently recalled from the Navy to Washington to head the Bureau of Navigation, Louis Agassiz and Benjamin Peirce planned the steps whereby the National Academy of Sciences was to be established.

* Charles A. Burns ( 1863 – 1930 ), American businessman

* Charles Colcock Jones ( 1804 – 1863 ), Presbyterian clergyman, planter, and missionary to slaves

Algernon Charles Swinburne's poem " Hermaphroditus " is subscribed Au Musée du Louvre, Mars 1863, leaving no doubt that it was the Borghese Hermaphroditus that had inspired his ode.

It was discovered in pieces on the island in 1863 by the French archaeologist Charles Champoiseau, and is now-headless-in the Louvre in Paris.

In 1858, this furnace, known as Valley Forge, became the property of Chouteau, Harrison and Vallé, Charles A. Pilley, superintendent, and was profitably worked until 1863 when the machinery was removed and the buildings and lands sold.

* Charles Filiger ( 1863 – 1928 )

The first settlement in the Bear Lake Valley was Paris, which was settled by Mormon pioneers led by Charles Rich on September 26, 1863.

Paris was founded by Mormon pioneers, under the direction of Charles C. Rich on September 29, 1863.

* Charles Cavendish ( 1793 – 1863 ), British Liberal politician

* Charles B. Sedgwick ( 1815 – 1883 ), US Congressman ( 1859 – 1863 )

West of the campus and just east of the Charles Benbow House, around the intersection of Oak Ridge Road and Linville Road, is an important collection of architectural styles including the 1863 log I-house belonging originally to the Moore family, the 1898 Neoclassical Robert M. Stafford House with its large vernacular doric-style columns, the 1924 National Folk side gable J. F.

In 1863, King Norodom signed an agreement with the French to establish a protectorate over his kingdom.

In 1863 almost all of the group ’ s paintings were rejected by the Salon, and French Emperor Napoleon III instead decided to place their paintings in a separate exhibit hall, the Salon des Refusés.

In 1863, the invading French, under Napoleon III ( see above ), in alliance with Mexican conservatives and nobility, helped create the Second Mexican Empire, and invited Archduke Maximilian, of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, younger brother of the Austrian Emperor Franz Josef I, to become emperor Maximilian I of Mexico.

His parents emigrated from Poland in 1863, changed their name from Pozerski to de Pomiane, and became French citizens.

* 1863 – During the French intervention in Mexico, Mexico City is captured by French troops.

* 1863 – Albert Calmette, French physician ( d. 1933 )

From there, Clark went on to Paris, France, where in 1863, a group of racing enthusiasts had formed the French Jockey Club and had organized the Grand Prix de Paris, which at the time was the greatest race in France.

* 1863 – Alfred Perot, French physicist ( d. 1925 )

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

* 1863 – Louis Cyr, French Canadian strongman ( d. 1912 )

The French scientist Paul ( Louis-Toussaint ) Héroult ( April 10, 1863 – May 9, 1914 ) was the inventor of the aluminium electrolysis and of the electric steel furnace.

Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin (; 1 January 1863 – 2 September 1937 ) was a French educator and historian, and founder of the International Olympic Committee.

1863 was to alter the course of Alma-Tadema's personal and professional life: on 3 January his invalid mother died, and on 24 September he was married, in Antwerp City Hall, to Marie-Pauline Gressin Dumoulin, the daughter of Eugene Gressin Dumoulin, a French journalist living near Brussels.

* French occupation of Mexico ( 1863 – 1867 ).

* June 18 – Gaston Doumergue, French Prime Minister ( b. 1863 )

* September 2 – Pierre de Coubertin, French founder of the modern Olympic Games ( b. 1863 )

* March 27 – Alfred de Vigny, French author ( d. 1863 )

* April 26 – Eugène Delacroix, French painter ( d. 1863 )

In 1863, the Cambodian king Norodom had requested the establishment of a French protectorate over his country.