Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

President Lincoln ( center right ) with, from left, Generals Sherman, Grant and Admiral Porter – 1868 painting of events aboard the River Queen ( steamboat ) | River Queen in March, 1865

The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861 – 1865.

* Weigley, Russell F. A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861 – 1865.

The American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), in the United States often referred to as simply the Civil War and sometimes called the " War Between the States ", was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.

* 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.

* 1865 – Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth.

* 1865 – Max Nettlau, German anarchist and historian ( d. 1944 )

* 1865 – James Henry Breasted, American archaeologist and historian ( d. 1935 )

* 1865 – Charles G. Dawes, American general and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1951 )

* 1865 – Irving Babbitt, American critic and academic ( d. 1933 )

* 1865 – John Radecki, Australian artist ( d. 1955 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks –

* 1865 – Giuditta Pasta, Italian soprano ( b. 1797 )

* 1803 – Joseph Paxton, English gardener and architect, designed The Crystal Palace ( d. 1865 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Bennett Place near Durham, North Carolina.

* 1865 – Union cavalry troopers corner and shoot dead John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Lincoln, in Virginia.

* 1865 – Henry George Chauvel, Australian general ( d. 1945 )

This became poignantly true during the most serious test of American cohesion in the U. S. Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ).

* 1865 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician ( d. 1952 )

* 1865 – Mikao Usui, Japanese spiritual leader ( d. 1926 )

#*** Joseph Lucien Charles Napoléon Bonaparte ( 1824 – 1865 )

Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16 April 1889 to Hannah Chaplin ( née Hill, 1865 – 1928 ) and Charles Chaplin Sr. ( 1863 – 1901 ).

Charles Proteus Steinmetz ( April 9, 1865 – October 26, 1923 ) was a German-American mathematician and electrical engineer.

* Charles Steinmetz: Scientist and Socialist ( 1865 – 1923 ) Including the complete Steinmetz-Lenin correspondence, Sender Garlin, American Institute for Marxist Studies, 1977 ( reprinted in Sender Garlin's 1991 Three Radicals ).

* 1865 – Charles Fergusson, Governor-General of New Zealand ( d. 1951 )

* 1865 – Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon, founder of the Mayo Clinic ( d. 1939 )

* Charles Horace Mayo ( 1865 – 1939 ), physician and co-founder of the Mayo Clinic

* 1939 – Charles Horace Mayo, American medical practitioner, co-founder of Mayo Clinic ( b. 1865 )

The differences between tantalum and niobium were unequivocally demonstrated in 1864 by Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand, and Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville, as well as Louis J. Troost, who determined the formulas of some of the compounds in 1865 and finally by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1866, who all proved that there were only two elements.

* 1793 – Charles Lock Eastlake, English painter ( d. 1865 )

* 1865 – Charles Spencelayh, English painter ( d. 1958 )

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* April 23 – Charles G. Dawes, Vice President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize ( b. 1865 )

Other works based on the myth include a play by Algernon Charles Swinburne, Atalanta in Calydon, written ( in the style of Greek tragedy ) in 1865.

Charles Dickens wrote of her in 1865 that " he carpenter's daughter has won a name for herself, and has deserved to win it.

Charles Dickens wrote an article about her life in February 1865 in his literary magazine All the Year Round that emphasised the difficulties she had overcome, especially the scepticism of her fellow townspeople.

He was baptised in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on 7 July 1865 by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Charles Longley.

The most well-known text associated with his print shop was the flawed first edition of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, printed by Oxford at the expense of its author Lewis Carroll ( Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ) in 1865.

* The Strange Life of Charles Waterton, 1782 – 1865 ( 1949 )

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland ( commonly shortened to Alice in Wonderland ) is an 1865 novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll.

Alice was published in 1865, three years after the Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson and the Reverend Robinson Duckworth rowed in a boat, on 4 July 1862, up the Isis with the three young daughters of Henry Liddell ( the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University and Dean of Christ Church ): Lorina Charlotte Liddell ( aged 13, born 1849 ) (" Prima " in the book's prefatory verse ); Alice Pleasance Liddell ( aged 10, born 1852 ) (" Secunda " in the prefatory verse ); Edith Mary Liddell ( aged 8, born 1853 ) (" Tertia " in the prefatory verse ).

Also popular was Zaner-Bloser Script, introduced by Charles Paxton Zaner ( 15 February 1864 – 1 December 1918 ) and Elmer Ward Bloser ( 6 November 1865 – 1929 ) of the Zanerian Business College.