Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

President Lincoln ( center right ) with, from left, Generals Sherman, Grant and Admiral Porter – 1868 painting of events aboard the River Queen ( steamboat ) | River Queen in March, 1865

The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861 – 1865.

* Weigley, Russell F. A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861 – 1865.

The American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), in the United States often referred to as simply the Civil War and sometimes called the " War Between the States ", was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.

* 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.

* 1865 – Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth.

* 1865 – Max Nettlau, German anarchist and historian ( d. 1944 )

* 1865 – James Henry Breasted, American archaeologist and historian ( d. 1935 )

* 1865 – Charles G. Dawes, American general and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1951 )

* 1865 – Irving Babbitt, American critic and academic ( d. 1933 )

* 1865 – John Radecki, Australian artist ( d. 1955 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks –

* 1865 – Giuditta Pasta, Italian soprano ( b. 1797 )

* 1803 – Joseph Paxton, English gardener and architect, designed The Crystal Palace ( d. 1865 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Bennett Place near Durham, North Carolina.

* 1865 – Union cavalry troopers corner and shoot dead John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Lincoln, in Virginia.

* 1865 – Henry George Chauvel, Australian general ( d. 1945 )

This became poignantly true during the most serious test of American cohesion in the U. S. Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ).

* 1865 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician ( d. 1952 )

* 1865 – Mikao Usui, Japanese spiritual leader ( d. 1926 )

Florence replaced Turin as Italy's capital in 1865 and, in an effort to modernise the city, the old market in the Piazza del Mercato Vecchio and many medieval houses were pulled down and replaced by a more formal street plan with newer houses.

When in 1865 the railroad between Alkmaar and Den Helder came into use, the market and home industries flourished.

As an important market town, St Ives always needed large numbers of pubs, 64 in 1838 ( 1 for every 55 inhabitants ), 60 in 1861, 48 in 1865 and 45 in 1899 ( though only 5 of these made the owners living ).

After the end of the Civil War in 1865, the U. S. government auctioned off the hundreds of ships it had requisitioned during the war at firesale prices, depressing the market and leaving American shipyards with no work.

Under the command of Captain J. C. Mason of St. Louis, Sultana left New Orleans on April 21, 1865, with 75 to 100 cabin passengers, deck passengers, and numerous head of livestock bound for market in St. Louis.

Beside the main church stood a weighty black cannon with a plaque saying ' Captured at Sevastopol 1865 ', which I thought was a remarkable piece of initiative on the part of the locals-it's not every day, after all, that you find a Nottinghamshire market town storming a Crimean redoubt and bringing home booty-and the shops seemed prosperous and well ordered.

Trade declined during the first half of the century, although in 1865 it received its first steam engine, the Sewer-Lorca railway opened in 1885 and the Baza-Lorca railway opened in 1890, bringing integration of the region in the domestic market, enabling the movement of mineral deposits and people.

* 1865 Sweden signed free trade agreement with the union, linking the German members to the massive Scandinavian market.

This market building was open in 1865.

* Roasted seeds first sold on retail market ( Pittsburgh ) – 1865

According to the British diplomat Hormuzd Rassam, who travelled through Metemma in November 1865 on his diplomatic mission to Emperor Tewodros II, " Metemma " comes from the Arabic for " the place of cutting, or termination -- indicating the end of the Muslim provinces ", although at the time the settlement was better known as Suk ul-Gallabat (" The market of Gallabat ").

* Philipp Melanchthon monument on the market square at Wittenberg ( dedicated 1865 )

The great Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, a covered passage that connects Piazza del Duomo, Milan to the square opposite of La Scala opera house, was built by architect Giuseppe Mengoni between 1865 and 1877 to celebrate Vittorio Emanuele II, first king of reunited Italy.

The land for the Jackson County Court House, which rests in the heart of Brownstown on the square, was donated by Col. John Ketcham ( 1782 – 1865 ) for this specific function.

On July 21, 1865, Springfield helped give birth to the Wild West era when the town square was the site of the Wild Bill Hickok – Davis Tutt shootout, a “ quick draw ” duel between Wild Bill Hickok and Davis Tutt.

Between 8, 000 and 9, 000 people were settled on an area of 40 square miles ( 104 km² ), with a peak population of 9, 022 by the spring of 1865.

In 1865 the recently formed Irish republican Fenian Brotherhood came out publicly and rented Dr. John Moffat's brownstone rowhouse at 32 East 17th Street, next to the Everett House hotel facing the north side of the square, for the capitol of the government-in-exile they declared.

In 1865 the station yard covered an area of 55, 000 square metres ( 13 acres ).

In 1865, after Abraham Lincoln's funeral procession traveled through Syracuse on the way to Springfield, Illinois, thousands came to the square to hear eulogies for the former president.

Until 1865 the terraces were known as Upper Hyde Park Gardens, with the name Lancaster Gate limited to the square surrounding the church.

A third church, consecrated to the Dormition of the Theotokos and located in the town square, is from 1865.