Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

President Lincoln ( center right ) with, from left, Generals Sherman, Grant and Admiral Porter – 1868 painting of events aboard the River Queen ( steamboat ) | River Queen in March, 1865

The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861 – 1865.

* Weigley, Russell F. A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861 – 1865.

The American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), in the United States often referred to as simply the Civil War and sometimes called the " War Between the States ", was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.

* 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.

* 1865 – Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth.

* 1865 – Max Nettlau, German anarchist and historian ( d. 1944 )

* 1865 – James Henry Breasted, American archaeologist and historian ( d. 1935 )

* 1865 – Charles G. Dawes, American general and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1951 )

* 1865 – Irving Babbitt, American critic and academic ( d. 1933 )

* 1865 – John Radecki, Australian artist ( d. 1955 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks –

* 1865 – Giuditta Pasta, Italian soprano ( b. 1797 )

* 1803 – Joseph Paxton, English gardener and architect, designed The Crystal Palace ( d. 1865 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Bennett Place near Durham, North Carolina.

* 1865 – Union cavalry troopers corner and shoot dead John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Lincoln, in Virginia.

* 1865 – Henry George Chauvel, Australian general ( d. 1945 )

This became poignantly true during the most serious test of American cohesion in the U. S. Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ).

* 1865 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician ( d. 1952 )

* 1865 – Mikao Usui, Japanese spiritual leader ( d. 1926 )

Union Army | Union Naval fleet | fleet passing Fort Randolph ( Tennessee ) | Fort Randolph ( 1865 )

Samuel Francis Du Pont ( September 27, 1803 – June 23, 1865 ) was an American naval officer who achieved the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, and a member of the prominent Du Pont family ; he was the only member of his generation to use a capital D. He served prominently during the Mexican-American War and the Civil War, was superintendent of the United States Naval Academy, and made significant contributions to the modernization of the U. S. Navy.

It took root at no fewer than fourteen colleges in those latter days: Omega was founded at University of Chicago in 1864 ; Pi at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1865 ; Lambda, Bowdoin College, 1867 ; Beta, University of Virginia, 1868 ; Psi, Cornell University, 1868 ; Iota, UC Berkeley, 1870 ; Gamma, first at the US Naval Academy in 1874, and then at Syracuse College in 1875 after the government proscribed Fraternities at its military academies ; Theta Xi, University of Toronto, 1879 ; Alpha, Columbia University, 1879 ; Alpha Psi, McGill University, 1883 ; Nu, Case Western Reserve, 1884 ; Eta, Yale, 1889 ; Mu, Stanford, 1892 ; Alpha Beta, University of Minnesota, 1899 ( The establishment of the Eta chapter at Yale made Zeta Psi the only fraternity to establish chapters at all eight Ivy-League schools ).

By the Act of March 2, 1865, Congress authorized " the President to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for service during the rebellion and one year thereafter, an officer of the Navy Department to be called the ' Solicitor and Naval Judge Advocate General.

The flag was a response to the passing of the British Colonial Naval Defence Act of 1865 in which all colonial vessels should " wear the Blue / Red Ensign with the seal or badge of the colony in the fly thereof ".

Other work included John Phillips's Geology of Yorkshire, 1835 and Scott Russell's Naval Architecture, 1865, John Weale's ' Scientific Series ' and the journals of the Institution of Naval Architects and the Royal Geographical Society.

The Battle of Riachuelo | Naval Battle of Riachuelo was a key victory during the Paraguayan War, 1865.

Shotley Battery was built in 1865 on the Shotley Peninsula to guard the port of Felixstowe, within HMS Ganges Naval Training school, on the same site as an existing Martello Tower.

Naval History Division, Civil War Naval Chronology, 1861 – 1865.

In April 1865, as the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia was evacuated, he led the Naval Academy's midshipmen as a guard for their failing Government's archives and treasury.

François Léonce Verny, ( December 2, 1837 – May 2, 1908 ) was a French officer and naval engineer who directed the construction of the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal in Japan, as well as many related modern infrastructure projects from 1865 to 1876, thus helping jump-start Japan's modernization.

Verny was appointed chief administrator and constructor of the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal in 1865.

* The Naval Howitzer Afloat ( 1865 )

* The Naval Howitzer Ashore ( 1865 )

From 1865 to 1867, he was the Superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory.

A native of Lyons, New York, Brownson graduated from the Naval Academy in 1865.

He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Commander in August 1865, a few months after the fighting ended, and was on duty at the U. S. Naval Academy from then until September 1868.

Among the most noteworthy of these are Guerres maritimes sous la république et sous l ’ empire, which was translated by Lord Dunsany under the title of Sketches of the Last Naval War of Admiral Jurien ; La Marine d ' autrefois ( 1865 ), largely autobiographical ; and La Marine d ' aujourd ' hui ( 1872 ).

Among the midshipmen assigned to the Naval Academy while it was at Fort Adams was Robley D. Evans who was wounded at Fort Fisher, North Carolina in 1865 and later commanded the Great White Fleet in 1907 on the first leg of its epic around the world voyage.

Before Chile and Peru were even formally aligned, Spain suffered a humiliating naval defeat at the Naval Battle of Papudo on November 26, 1865.

The Naval Battle of Papudo was a naval engagement fought between Spanish and Chilean forces on November 26, 1865, during the Chincha Islands War.