* 1875 – The Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Japan and Russia is ratified, providing for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands.

* 1875 – Katharine McCormick, American biologist, philanthropist, and activist ( d. 1967 )

* 1875 – Albert Ketèlbey, English conductor, composer, and pianist ( d. 1959 )

Albert Schweitzer, OM ( 14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965 ) was a German and then French theologian, organist, philosopher, physician, and medical missionary.

* 1875 – Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Russian painter ( d. 1957 )

Aleister Crowley ( ; 12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947 )| deadurl = no

* Sir William Buell Richards ( Chief Justice ) – September 30, 1875

* Télesphore Fournier – September 30, 1875

* William Alexander Henry – September 30, 1875

* Sir William Johnstone Ritchie – September 30, 1875

* Sir Samuel Henry Strong – September 30, 1875

* Jean-Thomas Taschereau – September 30, 1875

Franciszek Bujak ( 1875 – 1953 ) and Jan Rutkowski ( 1886 – 1949 ), the founders of modern economic history in Poland and of the journal Roczniki Dziejów Spolecznych i Gospodarczych ( 1931 – ), were attracted to the innovations of the Annales school.

* 1875 – Artur Bernardes, Brazilian politician, 12th President of Brazil ( d. 1955 )

* 1875 – Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, English composer ( d. 1912 )

* 1875 – Stjepan Seljan, Croatian explorer ( d. 1936 )

* Albert I of Belgium ( 1875 – 1934 ), third King of the Belgians

* 1875 – Captain Matthew Webb became the first person to swim across the English Channel, traveling from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in 22 hours.

Andrew Johnson ( December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875 ) was the 17th President of the United States ( 1865 – 1869 ).

* 1875 – William Eccles, English physicist ( d. 1966 )

* 1875 – Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter and sculptor ( d. 1946 )

* Alfons Karpiński ( 1875 – 1961 ), Polish painter

* 1805 – Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer ( d. 1875 )

* January 27 – John Evelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington, English statesman ( d. 1875 )

On the death of the Countess, her estates devolved upon Lord Porchester, the eldest son of her daughter, Evelyn ( died 1875 ), who married in 1861 the 4th Earl of Carnarvon.

In 1875 he married Julia Evelyn Parker.

* Evelyn Underhill ( 1875 – 1941 ), British writer

He was the son of the Arthur Stanley, 5th Baron Stanley of Alderley ( 1875 – 1931 ) and Margaret Evelyn Gordon ( 1875 – 1964 ).

* " John Underhill " is the title of a poem by John Greenleaf Whittier, published in Hazel Blossoms in 1875.

Ajmer is notable for its public schools formed in accordance with the precepts of English public schools, amongst which are Mayo College, founded by the British Raj in 1875 to educate the children of Rajputana's royalty and nobles.

In 1875, the Navy had 21 battleships and 173 warships of other types, ranking as the third largest navy in the world after the British and French navies.

Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, Kt FRS ( 14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875 ) was a British lawyer and the foremost geologist of his day.

In 1875, British explorer Ernest Giles became the first European to cross the desert.

In 1874 – 1875, British, German and U. S. expeditions visited Kerguelen to observe the transit of Venus.

The British ( in 1875 ) and French ( in 1886 ) are also alleged to have fuelled internal Liberian uprisings and wars.

* 1942 – Frederick Cuming, British cricket player ( b. 1875 )

* 1959 – Albert Ketèlbey, British composer ( b. 1875 )

Beginning with Sir John A. Macdonald's National Policy ( 1879 ) and the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway ( 1875 – 1885 ) through Northern Ontario and the Canadian Prairies to British Columbia, Ontario manufacturing and industry flourished.

From 1846 onwards the establishments in the United Kingdom were gradually reduced, while the last vestige of the British quarantine law was removed by the Public Health Act 1896, which repealed the Quarantine Act 1825 ( with dependent clauses of other acts ), and transferred from the privy council to the Local Government Board the powers to deal with ships arriving infected with yellow fever or plague, the powers to deal with cholera ships having been already transferred by the Public Health Act 1875.

* 1875 – The first official game of Polo is played in Argentina after being introduced by British Ranchers.

* HMS Discovery, one of the ships which took Captain George Nares ' British Arctic Expedition of 1875 – 1876 to the North Pole ; and

* August 21 – Laurie Doherty, British tennis champion ( born 1875 )

* June 3 – British Rail renames ' Third Class ' passenger facilities as ' Second Class ' ( Second Class facilities had been abolished in 1875, leaving just First Class and Third Class ).

* November 14 – Sir Charles Lyell, British geologist ( d. 1875 )

* February 12 – John Edward Gray, British zoologist ( d. 1875 )

The Ellesmere Ice Shelf was documented by the British Arctic Expedition of 1875 – 76, in which Lieutenant Pelham Aldrich's party went from Cape Sheridan () west to Cape Alert (), including the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf.

For example, the British had been fascinated by Edgar Wallace's ( 1875 – 1932 ) crime novels ever since the author set up a competition offering a reward to any reader who could figure out and describe just how the murder in his first book, The Four Just Men ( 1906 ), was committed.

There is a memorial fountain in Dulwich Village which is in remembrance to Dr George Webster, founder of the first British Medical Association ( BMA ), who worked in Dulwich from 1815 until his death in 1875.

British troops were stationed in Egypt from 1875 to the end of the Second World War in 1945 and Ali's successors were reduced to puppets of British imperial policy.

He published ( 1867 – 1875 ) a useful work entitled Figures of Characteristic British Fossils, with Descriptive Remarks, of which only the first volume, dealing with palaeozoic species, was issued.

Henry Liddell by Carlo Pellegrini | ' Ape ' from Vanity Fair ( British magazine ) | Vanity Fair ( 1875 )

Rawlinson's published works include four volumes of cuneiform inscriptions, published under his direction between 1870 and 1884 by the trustees of the British Museum ; The Persian Cuneiform Inscription at Behistun ( 1846 – 51 ) and Outline of the History of Assyria ( 1852 ), both reprinted from the Asiatic Society's journals ; A Commentary on the Cuneiform Inscriptions of Babylon and Assyria ( 1850 ); Notes on the Early History of Babylonia ( 1854 ); and England and Russia in the East ( 1875 ).