* 1875 – The Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Japan and Russia is ratified, providing for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands.

* 1875 – Katharine McCormick, American biologist, philanthropist, and activist ( d. 1967 )

* 1875 – Albert Ketèlbey, English conductor, composer, and pianist ( d. 1959 )

Albert Schweitzer, OM ( 14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965 ) was a German and then French theologian, organist, philosopher, physician, and medical missionary.

* 1875 – Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Russian painter ( d. 1957 )

Aleister Crowley ( ; 12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947 )| deadurl = no

* Sir William Buell Richards ( Chief Justice ) – September 30, 1875

* Télesphore Fournier – September 30, 1875

* William Alexander Henry – September 30, 1875

* Sir William Johnstone Ritchie – September 30, 1875

* Sir Samuel Henry Strong – September 30, 1875

* Jean-Thomas Taschereau – September 30, 1875

Franciszek Bujak ( 1875 – 1953 ) and Jan Rutkowski ( 1886 – 1949 ), the founders of modern economic history in Poland and of the journal Roczniki Dziejów Spolecznych i Gospodarczych ( 1931 – ), were attracted to the innovations of the Annales school.

* 1875 – Artur Bernardes, Brazilian politician, 12th President of Brazil ( d. 1955 )

* 1875 – Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, English composer ( d. 1912 )

* 1875 – Stjepan Seljan, Croatian explorer ( d. 1936 )

* Albert I of Belgium ( 1875 – 1934 ), third King of the Belgians

* 1875 – Captain Matthew Webb became the first person to swim across the English Channel, traveling from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in 22 hours.

Andrew Johnson ( December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875 ) was the 17th President of the United States ( 1865 – 1869 ).

* 1875 – Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter and sculptor ( d. 1946 )

* Alfons Karpiński ( 1875 – 1961 ), Polish painter

* 1805 – Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer ( d. 1875 )

* 1875 – William Donne, English cricket player ( d. 1942 )

* William Ewart Gladstone 1865 – 1875

Beatty's other brothers were Charles Harold Longfield ( 1870 – 1917 ) who served with distinction in the South Africa wars before dying from complications after losing an arm in Flanders, Richard George ( 1882 – 1915 ) who died on active service in India, William Vandeleur Schruder ( 1873 – 1935 ) who became an army Major and Newmarket horse trainer, and one sister Kathleen Roma ( 1875 –).

However, the Britannica has also staunchly defended a scientific approach to emotional topics, as it did with William Robertson Smith's articles on religion in the 9th edition, particularly his article stating that the Bible was not historically accurate ( 1875 ).

* William Daum Euler ( 1875 – 1961 ), Canadian politician

* William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, 1875: Lupercalia.

* 1875 – William Burns, Canadian lacrosse player ( d. 1953 )

* 1942 – William Donne, English cricket player ( b. 1875 )

In 1875 Helena Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, and William Quan Judge co-founded The Theosophical Society.

* January 12 – William Chapman Ralston, banker and financier ( d. 1875 )

* September 19 – William Backhouse Astor, Sr., American business tycoon ( d. 1875 )

* Memoirs of General William T. Sherman, Written by Himself ( 1875 ), 2d ed.

Edward Augustus Freeman in 1875 debunked the Æthelwald story as a " tissue of romance " in his Historic Essays, but his arguments were in turn rebutted by the naturalist William Henry Hudson in his 1920 book Dead Man's Plack and an Old Thorn.

According to economist William Stanley Jevons ( 1875 ), representative money arose because metal coins often were " variously clipped or depreciated " during use, but using representations for the value stored in banks ensured its worth.

The polychromatic school chapel, new quadrangle, Temple Reading Room, Macready Theatre and Gymnasium were designed by the well-known Victorian Gothic revival architect William Butterfield in 1875, and the smaller Memorial Chapel was dedicated in 1922.

* James William Cook ( 1820 – 1875 ), Canadian businessman and political figure

The Upjohn Company was a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm founded in 1886 in Kalamazoo, Michigan by Dr. William E. Upjohn, an 1875 graduate of the University of Michigan medical school.

* William Smith, 1875.

On June 29, 1875, Col. William R. Shafter, accompanied by eighty-one men and officers, tracked the Comanche Indians into county lands, when Col. Ranald S. Mackenzie conducted a campaign to drive them from the area.

* William Ephraim Smith ( 1829 – 1890 ), member of the Confederate ( 1863 – 1865 ) and U. S. ( 1875 – 1881 ) House of Representatives from Georgia

* William Wright Smith ( 1875 – 1956 ), Scottish botanist and horticulturalist