This " institutional definition of art " ( see also Institutional Critique ) has been championed by George Dickie.

* Kant, Immanuel ( 1790 ), Critique of Judgement, Translated by Werner S. Pluhar, Hackett Publishing Co., 1987.

* Critique of Pure Reason, 1781 philosophical work by Immanuel Kant

Ignored by many in " critical realist " circles, however, is that Kant's immediate impetus for writing his " Critique of Pure Reason " was to address problems raised by David Hume's skeptical empiricism which, in attacking metaphysics, employed reason and logic to argue against the knowability of the world and common notions of causation.

Ultimately this emphasis on production and construction goes back to the revolution wrought by Kant in philosophy, namely his focus in the Critique of Pure Reason on synthesis according to rules as the fundamental activity of the mind that creates the order of our experience.

* The Socialist Calculation Debate and the Austrian Critique of Central Economic Planning by Andrew Chamberlain

* Information and Economics: A Critique of Hayek by Allin F. Cottrell and W. Paul Cockshott

* Critique of Pagel's article by Father Paul Mankowski

* Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason with an historical introduction by Ludwig Noiré, available at

In the Critique Sartre set out to give Marxism a more vigorous intellectual defense than it had received until then ; he ended by concluding that Marx's notion of " class " as an objective entity was fallacious.

* Sartre ’ s Critique of Dialectical Reason essay by Andy Blunden

Given that premise, the notion of absolute knowledge ( as described by Plato and the rationalists ) is seen as mere illusion, and this is what he set out to demonstrate in the first part of his magnum opus " The Critique of Pure Reason " ( 1781 ).

Our understanding of the phenomenal world is inevitably “ colored ” by the imperfections, or restrictions, of the knowing apparatus, and this is what he set out to describe in the first part of the 1st Critique.

* A Scriptural Critique of Infant Baptism by Pastor John MacArthur

* Critique of sedevacantism by the SSPX

* 1781: Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant ( publication of first edition )

* 1788: Critique of Practical Reason by Immanuel Kant

2, p. 114 ; in a lecture by Professor Gwen Griffith-Dickson ; and in John Y. Fenton, " Mystical Experience as a Bridge for Cross-Cultural Philosophy of Religion: A Critique ," Journal of the American Academy of Religion 1981, p. 55.

The New York Critique wrote, " He is an orator by divine right, and his strong, intelligent face in its picturesque setting of yellow and orange was hardly less interesting than those earnest words, and the rich, rhythmical utterance he gave them.

The concept of dialectics was given new life by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ( following Fichte ), whose dialectically dynamic model of nature and of history made it, as it were, a fundamental aspect of the nature of reality ( instead of regarding the contradictions into which dialectics leads as a sign of the sterility of the dialectical method, as Immanuel Kant tended to do in his Critique of Pure Reason ).

In his Critique of Pure Reason, Kant distinguished between " phenomena " ( objects as interpreted by human sensibility and understanding ), and " noumena " ( objects as things-in-themselves, which humans cannot directly experience ).

* Immanuel Kant ( 1724 – 1804 ), in the Critique of Pure Reason, distinguished between objects as phenomena, which are objects as shaped and grasped by human sensibility and understanding, and objects as things-in-themselves or noumena, which do not appear to us in space and time and about which we can make no legitimate judgments.

* The Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant

Teleology was explored by Plato and Aristotle, by Saint Anselm around 1000 AD, and later by Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Judgment.

See Charles Bernard Renouvier, in L ' Année philosophique ( Paris, 1868 ); Dauriac, " Ravaisson philosophe et critique " ( La Critique philosophique, 1885, vol.

* Rita Hatton and John A. Walker, " Supercollector, a Critique of Charles Saatchi ", The Institute of Artology, 3rd edition 2005, paperback, ISBN 0-9545702-2-7

McCulloch's theoretical work received harsh criticism from Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk in the latter's History and Critique of Interest Theories ( 1884 ).

Balme, Christopher B., The Reformation of Comedy Genre Critique in the Comedies of Odon von Horvath University of Otago, Dunedin 1985 ISBN 0-9597650-2-6

Paul Cockshott and Allin Cottrell in Towards a New Socialism, Information and Economics: A Critique of Hayek, and Against Mises have argued that the use of computational technology now simplifies economic calculation and allows central planning to be implemented and sustained.

* Somen Chakraborty: A Critique of Social Movements in India: Experiences of Chipko, Uttarakhand, and Fishworkers ' Movement, Published by Indian Social Institute, 1999.

MyCreativity Reader: A Critique of Creative Industries, Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures, 2007.

He also participated in a research project on Jewish and Islamic Hermeneutics as Cultural Critique in the Working Group on Islam and modernity at the Institute of Advanced Studies of Berlin ( Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin ).

A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher, February.

A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher, February.

# " Critique Oblique " – 9: 03

Spivak has published a number of works challenging the " legacy of colonialism " including A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Towards a History of the Vanishing Present ( 1999 ), Other Asias ( 2005 ), and " Can the Subaltern Speak?

In A Critique of Postcolonial Reason ( 1999 ), Spivak explored how major works of European metaphysics ( such as those of Kant and Hegel ) not only tend to exclude the subaltern from their discussions, but actively prevent non-Europeans from occupying positions as fully human subjects.

( December 1999 ) " Hayek's Critique Of The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights ".

* Callinicos, Alex, Against Postmodernism: A Marxist Critique ( Cambridge: Polity, 1999 ).

* Repetitions: A Collection of Proletarian Pleasures Ranging from Rodent Worship to Ethical Relativism Appended with a Critique of Unicursal Reason ( Sabotage Editions, London 1999 ).

* John C. English, " John Hutchinson's Critique of Newtonian Heterodoxy ", Church History 68 ( 1999 ) pp. 581 – 597

1999, " The metaphysics of postmodernism ", review of Carl Rapp, Fleeing the Universal: The Critique of Post-rational Criticism ( 1998 ), in Humanitas 12. 1 ( 1999 ), viewed 29 April 2006,

* Writing the Social: Critique, Theory, and Investigations ( 1999 )

Critique du Discours religieux, translated by Mohamed Chairet, Sindbad Actes Sud, 1999.

* The Earthist Challenge to Economism: A Theological Critique of the World Bank, Palgrave Macmillan, 1999, ISBN 0-312-21838-9

In 1996 Alisha released the dance single " Wherever The Rhythm Takes Me " ( produced by Critique / Fever Records ) and in 1999 was chosen to sing " You Wanna Be A Star ", the title song for the Will Ferrell and Molly Shannon movie Superstar.

Babette Babich ), " Nietzsche: the Critique of Modern Reason ", Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

* The New Conservatives: A Critique from the Left ( with Irving Howe ), 1999