Leopold II ( 5 May 1747 1 March 1792 ), born Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790.

On 29 November 1879 at the Basilica of Atocha in Madrid, Alfonso married a much more distant relative, Maria Christina of Austria, daughter of Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria and of his wife Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria.

In Austria, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalist insurgents ( The Black Hand ) is blamed for igniting World War I after a succession of minor conflicts, while belligerents on both sides in World War II used operatives specifically trained for assassination.

Through its purported connections to the June 1914 assassination in Sarajevo of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, the Black Hand may have been one of the principal catalysts to the start of World War I, fueling the July Crisis of 1914 and giving Austria-Hungary a pretext to invade Serbia.

It was also in 1914 that Apis decided that Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir-apparent of Austria, should be assassinated.

Just prior to World War I, under the orders of the Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence, Serbian Military Officers and remnants of the by then moribund Black Hand organized and facilitated the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria on occasion of his visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia.

Initially, Emperor Wilhelm II told the Archduke Franz Ferdinand that Germany was ready to support Austria in all circumstances — even at the risk of a world war, but the Austro-Hungarians hesitated.

* 1662 – Archduke Ferdinand Charles of Austria ( b. 1628 )

She was the daughter of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este and Maria Beatrice d ' Este, Princess of Modena.

Gavrilo Princip ( Serbian Cyrillic: Гаврило Принцип, ; 28 April 1918 ) was the man who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914.

* 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated in Sarajevo and World War I begins.

Political and religious difficulties in Graz dashed his hopes of returning immediately to Tycho ; in hopes of continuing his astronomical studies, Kepler sought an appointment as mathematician to Archduke Ferdinand.

* 1914 – The funeral of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie takes place in Vienna, six days after their assassinations in Sarajevo.

* 1914 – World War I: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after Serbia rejects the conditions of an ultimatum sent by Austria on July 23 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

* 1914 – Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

After Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in 1914, Krupp bought his villa Blühnbach, in Werfen in the Austrian Alps, and which was a former residence of the Archbishops of Salzburg.

* 1601 – Tiryaki Hasan Pasha, provincial governor of Ottoman Empire, utterly defeats Habsburg forces, commanded by Ferdinand the Archduke of Austria during the Siege of Nagykanizsa.

On 24 June 1914, just four days before Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated in Sarajevo, Pacelli, together with Cardinal Merry del Val, represented the Vatican when the Serbian Concordat was signed.

An often cited example is the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria at Sarajevo, the event which directly set off World War I.

The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade, as well as the legacy of military alliances, was forever changed by the assassination, on June 28, 1914, of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne.

* Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo leads to World War I

Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

* 28 June 1914 – Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo leads to World War I

* December 18 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria ( d. 1914 )

** The Order of the Garter is conferred on Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.

* 1955 – Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este

* 1986 – Prince Amedeo of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este

After 1806 he used the titles: " We, Francis the First, by the grace of God Emperor of Austria ; King of Jerusalem, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia and Lodomeria ; Archduke of Austria ; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Würzburg, Franconia, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola ; Grand Duke of Cracow ; Grand Prince of Transylvania ; Margrave of Moravia ; Duke of Sandomir, Masovia, Lublin, Upper and Lower Silesia, Auschwitz and Zator, Teschen and Friule ; Prince of Berchtesgaden and Mergentheim ; Princely Count of Habsburg, Gorizia and Gradisca and of the Tirol ; and Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria ", President of the German Confederation.

A brigade of Dutch Royal Marines and Royal Marines, 1, 800 strong, under the command of Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, chief commander of the Alliance Army in Spain, began to besiege Gibraltar, in the name of the Archduke Charles.

* 1704 4 August – The Governor Diego de Salinas surrendered the town to Prince George of Hesse, who took it in the name of Archduke, as Charles III, king of Castile and Aragon.

* 1889 – Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in Mayerling.

In that year, England achieved another important success as it captured Gibraltar in Spain, with the help of Dutch forces under the command of Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, on behalf of the Archduke Charles.

* January 11 – Karl von Habsburg-Lothringen ( Károly ), Archduke, Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary

** Prince Joachim, Archduke of Austria-Este, Belgian prince

* January 16 – Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria, Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia ( b. 1783 )

Suleiman takes Buda, while Archduke Ferdinand of Austria and John Zapolya, Prince of Transylvania, dispute over the succession.

Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Lorraine, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Limburg, Luxembourg, Gelderland, Landgrave of Alsace, Prince of Swabia, Count Palatine of Burgundy, Princely Count of Habsburg, Hainaut, Flanders, Tyrol, Gorizia, Artois, Holland, Seeland, Ferrette, Kyburg, Namur, Zutphen, Margrave of the Holy Roman Empire, the Enns, Burgau, Lord of Frisia, the Wendish March, Pordenone, Salins, Mechelen, etc.

Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Luxemburg, Württemberg, the Upper and Lower Silesia, Prince of Swabia, Margrave of the Holy Roman Empire, Burgau, Moravia, the Upper and Lower Lusatia, Princely Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Ferrette, Kyburg, Gorizia, Landgrave of Alsace, Lord of the Wendish March, Pordenone and Salins, etc.

Following the resignation of the Chancellor Prince Metternich during the Revolutions of 1848, the young Archduke, who it was widely expected would soon succeed his uncle on the throne, was appointed Governor of Bohemia on 6 April, but never took up the post.

By now, Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, the influential military commander in Bohemia, was determined to see the young Archduke soon put onto the throne.

Since 1991 the couple's children are titled Archduke ( Archduchess ) of Austria-Este, Princes ( ss ) of Belgium, Prince ( ss ) Imperial of Austria, Prince ( ss ) Royal of Hungary and Bohemia.

Eldest of these is Prince Amedeo, Archduke of Austria-Este ( b. 1986 ).

It housed Napoleon, Ugo Foscolo, Prince Metternich, Archduke Franz Ferdinand I, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and other eminent figures.

She is the wife of His Imperial and Royal Highness Archduke Lorenz of Austria-Este, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Modena, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, whom she married on 22 September 1984 and who was created a Prince of Belgium in 1995.