The Prince took her with him on every tour around the area, and it was rumored he was utilizing her knowledge of Constantinople as part of his espionage network.

A professor at the University of Constantinople, where his first course of lectures was on Nietzsche and the `` philosophy of action '', Vincent Berger becomes head of the propaganda department of the German Embassy in Turkey.

On May 11,330, A.D.,, its name was changed again, this time to Constantinople after its emperor, Constantine.

Deemed a heretic by the Ecumenical First Council of Nicaea of 325, Arius was later exonerated in 335 at the regional First Synod of Tyre, and then, after his death, pronounced a heretic again at the Ecumenical First Council of Constantinople of 381.

His advisor in these affairs was Eusebius of Nicomedia, who had already at the Council of Nicea been the head of the Arian party, who also was made bishop of Constantinople.

In 381, at the Second Ecumenical Council in Constantinople, a group of mainly Eastern bishops assembled and accepted the Nicene Creed of 381, which was supplemented in regard to the Holy Spirit, as well as some other changes: see Comparison between Creed of 325 and Creed of 381.

However, during the time of Arianism's flowering in Constantinople, the Gothic convert Ulfilas ( later the subject of the letter of Auxentius cited above ) was sent as a missionary to the Gothic barbarians across the Danube, a mission favored for political reasons by emperor Constantius II.

There also is no mention of Troy, which was not far from Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine empire and militarily beyond the reach of the Vikings.

Ahmed II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 48 ) by Valide Sultan Khadija Muazzez, and succeeded his brother Suleiman II ( 1687 – 91 ) in 1691.

However, this was halted as a report reached Constantinople that the Safavids were invading the Ottoman Empire, causing a period of panic, turning the Sultan's attention away from Russia.

He was a cultivated patron of literature and art, and it was in his time that the first printing press authorized to use the Arabic or Turkish languages was set up in Constantinople, operated by Ibrahim Muteferrika ( while the printing press had been introduced to Constantinople in 1480, all works published before 1729 were in Greek, Armenian, or Hebrew ).

Disappointed, he left the army and was elected reiks of the Visigoths in 395, and marched toward Constantinople until he was diverted by Roman forces.

Instead, Rufinus attempted to negotiate with Alaric in person, which only aroused suspicions in Constantinople that Rufinius was in league with the Goths.

Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus () ( 10 September 1169 – 24 September 1183, Constantinople ), Byzantine emperor ( 1180 – 1183 ), was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch.

Their party was defeated ( 2 May 1182 ), but Andronikos Komnenos, a first cousin of Emperor Manuel, took advantage of these disorders to aim at the crown, entered Constantinople, where he was received with almost divine honours, and overthrew the government.

His arrival was celebrated by a massacre of 80, 000 Latins in Constantinople, especially the Venetian merchants, which he made no attempt to stop.

He also translated four books against the errors of the Greeks, by Manuel Kalekas, Patriarch of Constantinople, a Dominican friar ( Ingolstadt, 1608 ), P. G., CLII, col. 13-661, a work known only through Ambrose's translation.

This second post he seems also to have left after a short interval, for he appeared again in Constantinople, and narrowly escaped death at the hands of the brothers of Eudoxia.

The Oriental Orthodox Churches ( also called Old Oriental Churches ) are those eastern churches that recognize the first three ecumenical councils — Nicaea, Constantinople and Ephesus — but reject the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon and instead espouse a Miaphysite christology.

However, the social fabric of Constantinople was also damaged by the onset of Plague of Justinian between 541 – 542 AD.

It is certain that the Venetians and others were active traders in Constantinople, making a living out of shipping goods between the Crusader Kingdoms of Outremer and the West, while also trading extensively with Byzantium and Egypt.

In 1171, Constantinople also contained a small community of 2, 500 Jews.

Beautiful silks from the work-shops of Constantinople also portrayed in dazzling colour animals-lions, elephants, eagles, and griffins-confronting each other, or represented Emperors gorgeously arrayed on horseback or engaged in the chase.

Constantinople is also of great religious importance to Islam, as the conquest of Constantinople is one of the signs of the End time in Islam.

* Constantinople also makes an appearance in " Medieval Total War ".

The Council of Chalcedon also elevated the See of Constantinople to a position " second in eminence and power to the Bishop of Rome ".

Those of Hagia Sophia at Constantinople, of the 8th and 9th century, are wrought in bronze, and the west doors of the cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle ( 9th century ), of similar manufacture, were probably brought from Constantinople, as also some of those in St. Marks, Venice.

Thus the Eastern First Council of Constantinople became ecumenical only when its decrees were accepted in the West also.

Its present canon law requires that an ecumenical council be convoked and presided over, either personally or through a delegate, by the Pope, who is also to decide the agenda ; but the church makes no claim that all past ecumenical councils observed these present rules, declaring only that the Pope's confirmation or at least recognition has always been required, and saying that the version of the Nicene Creed adopted at the First Council of Constantinople ( 381 ) was accepted by the Church of Rome only seventy years later, in 451.

She was also instrumental in developing trade agreements with Constantinople and ports of trade in the Holy Lands.

Shortly after the Roman Emperor Constantine I legalized Christianity in 321, he also constructed an elaborate second capital of the Roman Empire located at Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople, in 324.

After the capture of Constantinople ( also called the Eastern Roman Empire ) in 1453, the Ottoman sultan's also styled themselves Kaysar-i Rum ( Emperor of the Romans ) as they asserted themselves to be the heirs to the Roman empire by right of conquest.

The highest-ranking bishop of the communion is the Patriarch of Constantinople, who is also primate of one of the autocephalous churches.

The Cappadocian Fathers also took up the torch ; their Trinitarian discourse was influential in the council at Constantinople.

After forty years under the control of Arian bishops, the churches of Constantinople were now restored to those who subscribed to the Nicene Creed ; Arians were also ejected from the churches of other cities in the Eastern Roman Empire thus re-establishing Christian orthodoxy in the East.

Nicaea and Epirus both vied for the imperial title, and tried to recover Constantinople.

* " Constantinople " is the title of a song by The Decemberists.

* Constantinople is the main setting of the game " Assassin's Creed: Revelations ", the fourth major title in the best-selling " Assassin's Creed " series.

Beginning with John the Faster, the Bishop of Constantinople ( John IV, 582-595 ) adopted as a formal title for himself the by-then-customary honorific, Ecumenical Patriarch (" pre-eminent father for the civilized world ") over the strong objections of Rome: a title based on the political prestige of Constantinople and its economic and cultural centrality in the Empire.

Upon making Constantinople ( present-day Istanbul ) the new capital of the Ottoman Empire in 1453, Mehmed II assumed the title of Kayser-i Rûm ( literally Caesar Romanus, i. e. Roman Emperor.

Although the description " servant of the servants of God " was also used by other Church leaders, including St. Augustine and St. Benedict, it was first used extensively as a papal title by Pope St. Gregory the Great, reportedly as a lesson in humility for Patriarch of Constantinople John the Faster, who had assumed the title " Ecumenical Patriarch ".

This ensured that the title of " Universal Bishop " belonged exclusively to the Bishop of Rome, and effectively ended the attempt by Patriarch Cyriacus of Constantinople to establish himself as " Universal Bishop ".

Its honorific title is Συμπρωτεύουσα ( Symprotévusa ), literally " co-capital ", and stands as a reference to its historical status as the Συμβασιλεύουσα ( Symvasilévousa ), " co-reigning " city of the Byzantine Empire, alongside Constantinople.

In his role as head of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, he also holds the title Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome.

His official title is " His All-Holiness the Archbishop of Constantinople New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch ".

In the 6th century, the official title became that of " Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and Ecumenical Patriarch.

During his reign, the Visigoths of Spain converted, but he also faced conflict with the See of Constantinople over the adoption of the title of " Ecumenical Patriarch ," which Pelagius believed to undermine the authority of the papacy.

At first Theodore did not claim the imperial title, perhaps because his father-in-law and his brother were both still living, perhaps because of the imminent Latin invasion, or perhaps because there was no Patriarch of Constantinople to crown him Emperor.

With their help he returned to power, receiving the title of magister utriusque militiae ; he had Bonifacius ' son-in-law, Sebastianus, who had succeeded to Bonifacius as magister militum praesentalis, exiled from Italy to Constantinople, bought the properties of Bonifacius and married his widow Pelagia.

In Emperor Theodosius's edict De fide catholica of 27 February 380, enacted in Thessalonica and published in Constantinople for the whole empire, by which he established Catholic Christianity as the official religion of the empire, he referred to Damasus as a pontifex, while calling Peter an episcopus: "... the profession of that religion which was delivered to the Romans by the divine Apostle Peter, as it has been preserved by faithful tradition and which is now professed by the Pontiff Damasus and by Peter, Bishop of Alexandria ... We authorize the followers of this law to assume the title Catholic Christians ..." Some see in this an implied significant differentiation, but the title pontifex maximus is not used in the text ; pontifex is used instead: "... quamque pontificem damasum sequi claret et petrum alexandriae episcopum ..." ( Theodosian Code XVI. 1. 2 ; and Sozomen, " Ecclesiastical History ", VII, iv.

In 454 he was recalled to Constantinople, where he received the title of patricius in 454 or 455 and became one of the two magistri militum or magister utriusque militiae of the East.

During the same time, he became the leading professor at the newly founded University of Constantinople, bearing the honorary title of " Consul of the Philosophers " ().

In 1922, the Patriarch of Constantinople appointed an Exarch for Western and Central Europe with the title Archbishop of Thyateira.