* 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt.

* 1261 – Michael VIII Palaiologos is crowned Byzantine emperor in Constantinople.

There also is no mention of Troy, which was not far from Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine empire and militarily beyond the reach of the Vikings.

He died at Topkapı Palace in Constantinople and is buried in a mausoleum right outside the walls of the famous mosque.

As an architect he is best known for replacing the old church of Hagia Sophia at Constantinople in 532 ; his daring plans for the church strikingly displayed his knowledge.

* 1081 – Alexios I Komnenos is crowned Byzantine emperor at Constantinople, bringing the Komnenian dynasty to full power.

* 1821 – Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople is hanged by the Ottoman government from the main gate of the Patriarchate and his body is thrown into the Bosphorus.

Abdülaziz was deposed by his ministers on 30 May 1876 ; his death at Feriye Palace in Constantinople a few days later was attributed to suicide at the time, although in Sultan Abdulhamid II's recently surfaced memoirs, the event is described as an assassination by the order of Hussein Avni Pasha and Midhat Pasha.

) The mosques that were built after the conquest of Constantinople ( Istanbul ) by the Ottoman Turks in 1453, and influenced by the design of the 6th century Byzantine basilica of Hagia Sophia, had increasingly elevated and large central domes, which create a vertical emphasis that is intended to be more overwhelming ; in order to convey the divine power of Allah, the majesty of the Ottoman Sultan, and the governmental authority of the Ottoman State.

But the Turks, with the aid of fresh reinforcements from the Asian provinces, established their third and strongest defensive position at the Chataldja Line, across the peninsula where Constantinople is located.

Anthemios presented the Gospel to Emperor Zeno at Constantinople and received from him the privileges of the Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus, that is, the purple cloak which the Greek Archbishop of Cyprus wears at festivals of the church, the imperial sceptre and the red ink with which he affixes his signature.

Map of Constantinople ( 1422 ) by Florentine cartographer Cristoforo Buondelmonti is the oldest surviving map of the city, and the only one that predates the Turkish conquest of the city in 1453

He found the military situation so dire that he is said at first to have contemplated withdrawing the imperial capital to Carthage, but relented after the people of Constantinople begged him to stay.

It is certain that the Venetians and others were active traders in Constantinople, making a living out of shipping goods between the Crusader Kingdoms of Outremer and the West, while also trading extensively with Byzantium and Egypt.

The great historian of the Crusades, Sir Steven Runciman, wrote that the sack of Constantinople is “ unparalleled in history ”.

When Mehmed finally entered Constantinople through what is now known as the Topkapi Gate, he immediately rode his horse to the Hagia Sophia which he ordered to be sacked.

I testify that Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah .” This turned the Greek cathedral into a Turkish mosque, solidifying Turkish rule in Constantinople.

* Constantinople under Justinian is the scene of the book A Flame in Byzantium ( ISBN 0312930267 ) by Chelsea Quinn Yarbro, released in 1987.

* " Constantinople " is the title of a song by The Decemberists.

* Stephen Lawhead's novel Byzantium ( 1996 ) is set in 9th-century Constantinople.

His advisor in these affairs was Eusebius of Nicomedia, who had already at the Council of Nicea been the head of the Arian party, who also was made bishop of Constantinople.

He also translated four books against the errors of the Greeks, by Manuel Kalekas, Patriarch of Constantinople, a Dominican friar ( Ingolstadt, 1608 ), P. G., CLII, col. 13-661, a work known only through Ambrose's translation.

This second post he seems also to have left after a short interval, for he appeared again in Constantinople, and narrowly escaped death at the hands of the brothers of Eudoxia.

The Oriental Orthodox Churches ( also called Old Oriental Churches ) are those eastern churches that recognize the first three ecumenical councils — Nicaea, Constantinople and Ephesus — but reject the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon and instead espouse a Miaphysite christology.

However, the social fabric of Constantinople was also damaged by the onset of Plague of Justinian between 541 – 542 AD.

In 1171, Constantinople also contained a small community of 2, 500 Jews.

Beautiful silks from the work-shops of Constantinople also portrayed in dazzling colour animals-lions, elephants, eagles, and griffins-confronting each other, or represented Emperors gorgeously arrayed on horseback or engaged in the chase.

* " Constantinople " was also the title of the opening edit of The Residents ' EP Duck Stab !, released in 1978.

* Constantinople also makes an appearance in " Medieval Total War ".

The Council of Chalcedon also elevated the See of Constantinople to a position " second in eminence and power to the Bishop of Rome ".

Those of Hagia Sophia at Constantinople, of the 8th and 9th century, are wrought in bronze, and the west doors of the cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle ( 9th century ), of similar manufacture, were probably brought from Constantinople, as also some of those in St. Marks, Venice.

Thus the Eastern First Council of Constantinople became ecumenical only when its decrees were accepted in the West also.

Its present canon law requires that an ecumenical council be convoked and presided over, either personally or through a delegate, by the Pope, who is also to decide the agenda ; but the church makes no claim that all past ecumenical councils observed these present rules, declaring only that the Pope's confirmation or at least recognition has always been required, and saying that the version of the Nicene Creed adopted at the First Council of Constantinople ( 381 ) was accepted by the Church of Rome only seventy years later, in 451.

She was also instrumental in developing trade agreements with Constantinople and ports of trade in the Holy Lands.

Shortly after the Roman Emperor Constantine I legalized Christianity in 321, he also constructed an elaborate second capital of the Roman Empire located at Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople, in 324.

After the capture of Constantinople ( also called the Eastern Roman Empire ) in 1453, the Ottoman sultan's also styled themselves Kaysar-i Rum ( Emperor of the Romans ) as they asserted themselves to be the heirs to the Roman empire by right of conquest.

The highest-ranking bishop of the communion is the Patriarch of Constantinople, who is also primate of one of the autocephalous churches.

The Cappadocian Fathers also took up the torch ; their Trinitarian discourse was influential in the council at Constantinople.

After forty years under the control of Arian bishops, the churches of Constantinople were now restored to those who subscribed to the Nicene Creed ; Arians were also ejected from the churches of other cities in the Eastern Roman Empire thus re-establishing Christian orthodoxy in the East.

On being ransomed he went to Constantinople, where was held the court of his cousin, the Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, with whom he was a great favourite.

This measure apparently had no great success, since French voyager Pierre Gilles writes in the middle of 16th century that the Greek population of Constantinople was unable to mention any name of the ancient Byzantine churches transformed in mosques or abandoned.

Patriarch Flavian of Constantinople preferred not to press the matter on account of Eutyches ' great popularity.

The last great Byzantine Physician was John Actuarius, who lived in the early 14th century in Constantinople.

John wrote letters which still held great influence in Constantinople.

In the 6th century, at the very close of the Classical period, the great libraries of the Mediterranean world remained those of Constantinople and Alexandria.

In the 6th century, at the very close of the Classical period, the great libraries of the Mediterranean world remained those of Constantinople and Alexandria.

The money was spent on church ornaments, including a great golden altar front from Constantinople adorned with gems and enamels and " nearly all the church ornaments of Victor II, which had been pawned here and there throughout the city ".

At first the Eastern Roman Emperor Michael II showed himself tolerant towards the image-worshippers, and their great champion, Theodore the Studite, wrote to him to exhort him " to unite us Church of Constantinople to the head of the Churches of God, Rome, and through it with the three Patriarchs " and to refer any doubtful points to the decision of Old Rome in accordance with ancient custom.

In 1453, the great walls of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, were broken through in just six weeks by the 62 cannons of Mehmet II's army.

He lived at the court of Constantinople for many years and learned a great deal about Roman government and military tactics, which served him well when he became the Gothic ruler of a mixed but largely Romanized " barbarian people ".

The buildings of the monastery were reconstructed on a scale of great magnificence, artists being brought from Amalfi, Lombardy, and even Constantinople to supervise the various works.

Meanwhile, in Constantinople, the Union of the Churches was proving difficult to arrange, and the Emperor Michael had great difficulty in imposing it on his people.

According to a letter to the Empress Pulcheria collected among the letters of Leo I, Hilarius apologized for not delivering to her the pope's letter after the synod, but owing to Dioscurus of Alexandria, who tried to hinder his going either to Rome or to Constantinople, he had great difficulty in making his escape in order to bring to the pontiff the news of the result of the council.

First, the battle was regarded as a disastrous defeat, then it faded essentially from Arab histories, leading to a modern dispute which regards it as either a secondary loss to the great defeat of the Second Siege of Constantinople, where the Bulgarian Emperor Tervel played a crucial role, or a part of a series of great macrohistorical defeats which together brought about the fall of the first Caliphate.

Photius's great uncle was the previous Patriarch of Constantinople, Tarasius.

On 28 March 519, in the cathedral of Constantinople in presence of a great throng of people, the end of the schism was concluded in a solemn ceremony.

This rite commemorates the end of Iconoclasm -- the last great heresy to trouble the church ( all subsequent heresies merely being restatements in one form or another of previous errors ) -- at the Council of Constantinople in 842.

The circumstances of its eventual destruction are a source of debate: the 11th-century Byzantine historian Georgios Kedrenos recorded the tradition that it was carried off to Constantinople, where it was destroyed in the great fire of the Lauseion, in AD 475.

The decision of Boris I of Bulgaria to align the new Bulgarian Church with Constantinople was a great blow to Rome, which had hoped to secure it for herself.

One of the first acts of Leo VI as ruling emperor was to rebury, with great ceremony, the remains of Michael III in the Imperial mausoleum within the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople.