Van Vogt's first published SF story, " Black Destroyer " ( Astounding Science Fiction, July 1939 ), was inspired by Voyage of the Beagle by Charles Darwin.

Charles Darwin and Gregor Mendel were amateur scientists who never held a position in their field of study.

He is best known for independently proposing a theory of evolution due to natural selection that prompted Charles Darwin to publish his own theory.

The ship on which Charles Darwin made the voyage which provided much of the inspiration for On the Origin of Species was named HMS Beagle after the breed, and, in turn, lent its name to the ill-fated British Martian lander Beagle 2.

* Charles Robert Darwin

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of universal common descent through an evolutionary process in On the Origin of Species, twice stating the hypothesis that there was only one progenitor for all life forms and ending with " There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one ".

In 1795, Charles Darwin's grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, asked:

During Charles Darwin's studies on the Galápagos Islands, Darwin observed 13 species of finches that are closely related and differ most markedly in the shape of their beaks.

# REDIRECT Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin ( 1809-1882 )

It has been hypothesized that Charles Darwin might have suffered from Chagas disease as a result of a bite of the so-called great black bug of the Pampas ( vinchuca ) ( see Charles Darwin's illness ).

* Creation ( 2009 film ), a 2009 film by Jon Amiel about the life of Charles Darwin

Lyell was a close and influential friend of Charles Darwin.

Lyell's interpretation of geologic change as the steady accumulation of minute changes over enormously long spans of time was a powerful influence on the young Charles Darwin.

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* Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 1882 ), English naturalist and writer, best known as the originator of the theory of biological evolution by natural selection

** Anne Darwin ( 1841 – 1851 ), daughter of Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 1882 )

** Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 1882 ), English naturalist and writer

** Charles Darwin ( 1758 – 1778 ) physician and scientist, uncle of Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 1882 )

** Charles Galton Darwin ( 1887 – 1962 ), physicist and activist

In 2006 he received the Wollaston Medal, the Geological Society's highest Award, whose previous recipients include Charles Darwin.

When Charles Darwin presented his mammal and bird specimens collected during the second voyage of HMS Beagle to the Geological Society of London at their meeting on 4 January 1837, the bird specimens were given to Gould for identification.

* Wollaston Medal from The Geological Society of London ( considered the highest honor in Geology, or an equivalent to the Nobel Prize in Geology ) in 1984 ( formerly presented to Charles Lyell, Thomas Henry Huxley, Charles Darwin and James Lovelock ).

On 19 December 1838 as secretary of the Geological Society of London Darwin witnessed the vicious interrogation by Richard Owen and his allies of Darwin's old tutor Robert Edmund Grant in which they ridiculed Grant's Lamarckian heresy, showing establishment intolerance of materialist theories.

The young guard of naturalists were now putting the " mode of creation " openly on the agenda, even in addresses to the Geological Society, but Darwin wanted his case to be fully prepared.

Darwin briefly returned to London to read his paper to the Geological Society on 4 January 1837.

Darwin returned to London on 21 October and on 1 November gave a talk on the role of earthworms in soil formation to the Geological Society, a mundane subject which to them may have seemed eccentric.

On 19 December 1838 as secretary of the Geological Society of London Darwin witnessed the vicious interrogation by Owen and his allies including Sedgwick and Buckland of Darwin's old tutor Robert Edmund Grant when they ridiculed Grant's Lamarckian heresy in a clear reminder of establishment hatred of evolutionism.

In 1863 Lyell's Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man popularised prehistory, though his caution on evolution disappointed Darwin.

Observations about these similarities can be traced back to Charles Darwin and his studies.

There is no direct evidence linking Darwin to Benjamin Franklin's treatise " Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc .." However, Franklin was a friend and colleague of both Erasmus and Robert Darwin, and it has been suggested that this work may have influenced Darwin's study of Malthus ' belief on the relationship between population and subsistence.

Lyell asked Robert FitzRoy, captain of HMS Beagle, to search for erratic boulders on the survey voyage of the Beagle, and just before it set out FitzRoy gave Darwin Volume 1 of the first edition of Lyell's Principles.

On the return of the Beagle ( October 1836 ) Lyell invited Darwin to dinner and from then on they were close friends.

Lyell's data on stratigraphy were important because Darwin thought that populations of an organism changed slowly, requiring " geologic time ".

Situated on the Timor Sea, Darwin has a population of 127, 500, making it by far the largest and most populated city in the sparsely populated Northern Territory, but the least populous of all Australia's capital cities.

John Clements Wickham named the region " Port Darwin " in honour of their former shipmate Charles Darwin, who had sailed with them on the ship's previous voyage which had ended in October 1836.

The first British person to see Darwin harbour appears to have been Lieutenant John Lort Stokes of HMS Beagle on 9 September 1839.

The ship's captain, Commander John Clements Wickham, named the port after Charles Darwin, the British naturalist who had sailed with them both on the earlier second expedition of the Beagle.

It was the same fleet that had bombed Pearl Harbor, though a considerably larger number of bombs were dropped on Darwin than on Pearl Harbor.

They were the first of many raids on Darwin.

* 1831 – Charles Darwin embarks on his journey aboard the HMS Beagle, during which he will begin to formulate the theory of evolution.

The origin of the Darwin Awards can be traced back to posts on Usenet group discussions as early as 1985.

Another widely distributed early story mentioning the Darwin Awards is the JATO Rocket Car, which describes a man who strapped a JATO ( Jet-Assisted Take-Off ) unit to his Chevrolet Impala in the Arizona desert and who died gloriously on the side of a cliff as his car achieved speeds of 250 to 300 miles per hour.

In 2006, a comedy film, The Darwin Awards, was written and directed by Finn Taylor, that was based on the website and many of the Darwin Awards stories.

To avoid debates about the possibility of in-vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, or cloning, the original Darwin Awards book applied the following " deserted island " test to potential winners: If the person were unable to reproduce when stranded on a deserted island with a fertile member of the opposite sex, he or she would be considered sterile.

Most such stories on Northcutt's Darwin Awards site are filed in the Personal Accounts section.

During his time at the museum he produced numerous publications on bird taxonomy, and in 1942 his first book, Systematics and the Origin of Species, which completed the evolutionary synthesis started by Darwin.

Pages 35 – 46 in Darwin, Mars and Freud: Their influence on Moral Theory ( A L Caplan and B Jennings, Eds.

His works influenced Charles Darwin, who adopted Linnaeus ' phrase on the economy or polity of nature in The Origin of Species.

While Charles Darwin is mainly noted for his treatise on evolution, he was one of the founders of soil ecology, and he made note of the first ecological experiment in The Origin of Species.