Determining the satisfiability of a formula in which each clause is a Horn clause ( i. e. it contains at most one positive literal ) is P-complete ; this problem is called Horn-satisfiability.

In 1811, he published an article with the title Essai d ' une manière de déterminer les masses relatives des molécules élémentaires des corps, et les proportions selon lesquelles elles entrent dans ces combinaisons (" Essay on Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies and the Proportions by Which They Enter These Combinations "), which contains Avogadro's hypothesis.

The book includes chapters such as " The Chemistry of Milk ", " The Chemistry of Baking Powders and Their Use in Baking ", " The Chemistry of Vegetable Cookery " and " Determination of Hydrogen Ion Concentration " and contains numerous illustrations of lab experiments including such things as a Distillation Apparatus for Vegetable Samples and a Pipette for Determining the Relative Viscosity of Pectin Solutions.

Determining whether there is an issue underneath the surface would require subsurface investigation and historical search, the letter concluded.

Determining the grazing angle with respect to a planar surface is trivial, but the computation for almost any other surface is significantly more difficult.

Determining the type of rock being drilled at any one time is a matter of knowing the ' lag time ' between a chip being cut by the bit and the time it reaches the surface where it is then examined by the wellsite geologist ( or mudlogger as they are sometimes called ).

* Determining flatness — When working with wood the first step is to designate a reference surface on a board which is known as the face side.

Determining the velocities for the case of one ball striking four " touching " balls is found by modeling the balls as weights with non-traditional springs on their colliding surface.

Determining the nature of the planet has not been straightforward ; a 2002 paper hypothesizes that the lumps are caused by a roughly Jupiter-mass planet on an eccentric orbit.

Determining what average input means is difficult, and often that average input has properties which make it difficult to characterise mathematically ( consider, for instance, algorithms that are designed to operate on strings of text ).

Determining the structure of LDL has been a tough task because of its heterogeneous structure.

Determining exactly the various influences is, after more than two thousand years of internal and external influences and developments, impossible but the result has been a large number of unique musical traditions.

Determining whether an employee has custody or possession can be difficult.

Determining ownership in law involves determining who has certain rights and duties over the property.

Determining the date of a heliacal rise of Sothis has been shown to be difficult, especially considering the need to know the exact latitude of the observation.

Determining that a risk has been reduced to ALARP involves an assessment of the risk to be avoided, of the sacrifice ( in money, time and trouble ) involved in taking measures to avoid that risk, and a comparison of the two.

Determining the exact cause of CNH has proven to be difficult, specifically because only 21 additional cases have been reported since Plum and Swanson ’ s initial report of the condition in 1959.

Determining which goods have been sold, and the cost of those goods, requires either identifying the goods or using a convention to assume which goods were sold.

Determining whether any changes have been made to a message ( or a file ), for example, can be accomplished by comparing message digests calculated before, and after, transmission ( or any other event ).

Determining an instance of the membership problem ; i. e. given a string, determine whether where is the language generated by some grammar ; is also known as parsing.

* Determining the relevance of precedents by exclusionary principles of evidence and logic ;

Determining the presence of both parts of this definition is not always straightforward, as hypoglycemic symptoms and effects are vague and can be produced by other conditions ; people with recurrently low glucose levels can lose their threshold symptoms so that severe neuroglycopenic impairment can occur without much warning, and many measurement methods ( especially glucose meters ) are imprecise at low levels.

* Position Determining Entity, used by cellular phone companies for E911 location determination

Determining part of a protein's amino-acid sequence ( often one end ) by one of the above methods may be sufficient to enable the identification of a clone carrying the gene.

* Determining the Age of Cattle by Their Teeth

Determining the penetrance of the C282Y allele can be influenced by when, in the course of a lifetime, homozygotes are evaluated by the medical community.

Determining the poverty line is usually done by finding the total cost of all the essential resources that an average human adult consumes in one year.

" Determining the link between data breaches and identity theft is challenging, primarily because identity theft victims often do not know how their personal information was obtained ," and identity theft is not always detectable by the individual victims, according to a report done for the FTC.

It is also supported by the principles found in paragraph 171 of the Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status which was issued by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ).

Determining whether news is " good " or " bad " must be determined by the price action of the stock, because the market reaction may not match the tone of the news itself.

Determining whether the navel is displaced is done by the following procedure,

* D. Rawlins: " Methods for Measuring the Earth's Size by Determining the Curvature of the Sea " and " Racking the Stade for Eratosthenes ", appendices to " The Eratosthenes-Strabo Nile Map.

Determining what is and is not a code smell is often a subjective judgment, and will often vary by language, developer and development methodology.

Determining the precise end of the Republic is a task of dispute by modern historians ; Roman citizens of the time did not recognize that the Republic had ceased to exist.

Determining the new territory too large to administer as one unit, Britain divided its new southeastern acquisitions into two new colonies separated by the Apalachicola River: East Florida, with its capital in the old Spanish city of St. Augustine, and West Florida, with its capital at Pensacola.

Determining the principal value of some of these functions can be obtained by decomposing the function into simpler ones whereby the principal value of the simple functions are straightforward to obtain.

On the Origins of Gastroliths: Determining the Weathering Environment of Rounded and Polished Stones by Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis.

Determining the date and length of Eric's reign ( before and after his father's death ) is a challenging and perhaps impossible task based on the confused chronology of our late sources.

Determining a property or site location based upon Magnetic North will result in inaccuracies because true magnetic north fluctuates.

In 1738, he published the ( Observations on Determining the Shape of the Earth ).

Determining the composition of the Memorial depends on the dates of Nehemiah's mission: It is commonly accepted that " Artaxerxes " was Artaxerxes I ( there were two later kings of the same name ), and that Nehemiah's first period in Jerusalem was therefore 445-433 BC ; allowing for his return to Susa and second journey to Jerusalem, the end of the 5th century BC is therefore the earliest possible date for the Memorial.

Determining a precise value for a particular knot is difficult because many factors can affect a knot efficiency test: the type of fiber, the style of rope, the size of rope, whether it is wet or dry, how the knot is dressed before loading, how rapidly it is loaded, whether the knot is repeatedly loaded, and so on.

" Although a Human Effects Advisory Panel was established in 1998 to provide independent assessment on human effects, data, and models for the use of ' non-lethal weapons ' on the general population, the TECOM Technology Symposium in 1997 concluded on non-lethal weapons: " Determining the target effects on personnel is the greatest challenge to the testing community ," primarily because " the potential of injury and death severely limits human tests.

Determining the number of categories of initials and finals actually represented thus took a good deal of careful work on the part of Chinese linguists.

Determining costs requires keeping records of goods or materials purchased and any discounts on such purchase.

Determining that the actions of Blount, now a senator from Tennessee, constituted a crime, Adams sent Blount's letter to the Senate, where it was presented on July 3, 1797, while Blount was out for a walk.

Determining the majority opinion on the Aleutian Islands or South Pacific Islands, including Fiji and American Samoa, is complicated ..

Determining the distinction between elliptical galaxies and lenticular galaxies often relies on the measurements of velocity dispersion ( σ ), rotational velocity ( v ), and ellipticity ( ε ).

Determining the prime factors of a number is an example of a problem frequently used to ensure cryptographic security in encryption systems ; this problem is believed to require super-polynomial time in the number of digits-it is relatively easy to construct a problem that would take longer than the known age of the Universe to solve on current computers using current algorithms.

Determining the head of navigation can be subjective on many streams, as this point may vary greatly with the size of the ship being contemplated for navigation.

* Determining the effect of temperature change on relative humidity: For air of a fixed water composition or moisture ratio, find the starting relative humidity from the intersection of the wet and dry bulb temperature lines.

Determining this cut-off point, the rate above which the growth is deemed to be significant ( and likely to lead to extra demands on cash ) is a critical requirement of the technique ; and one that, again, makes the use of the BCG Matrix problematical in some product areas.

* Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees ( See Paragraph 171 )

Determining fraud committed by the health insurance companies can sometimes be found be comparing revenues from premiums paid against the expenditure by the health insurance companies on claims.