Notable commercial radiosity engines are Enlighten by Geomerics, as seen in titles such as Battlefield 3, Need for Speed: The Run and others, Lightscape ( now incorporated into the Autodesk 3D Studio Max internal render engine ), form • Z RenderZone Plus by AutoDesSys, Inc .), the built in render engine in LightWave 3D and ElAS ( Electric Image Animation System ).

* Enlighten ( Licensed software code that provides realtime radiosity for computer game applications.

* In July 2011, Geomerics announced that their real-time global illumination solution Enlighten is now integrated with Unreal Engine 3 and available to licensees.

It features thirty levels, with five new anarchy levels, the remixed soundtrack from the MacOS version ( featuring Type O Negative and Nivek Ogre of Skinny Puppy ), prerendered cinematics ( using the same cinematic engine as Descent II ), and radiosity colored lighting effects.

It includes a rendering engine that supports such advanced features as realistic reflection and refraction, radiosity, and caustics.

Although in its basic form radiosity is assumed to have a quadratic increase in computation time with added geometry ( surfaces and patches ), this need not be the case.

In addition to its modeling and animation tools, the latest version of 3ds Max also features shaders ( such as ambient occlusion and subsurface scattering ), dynamic simulation, particle systems, radiosity, normal map creation and rendering, global illumination, a customizable user interface, and its own scripting language.

In color science and radiometry, a spectral power distribution ( SPD ) describes the power per unit area per unit wavelength of an illumination ( radiant exitance ), or more generally, the per-wavelength contribution to any radiometric quantity ( radiant energy, radiant flux, radiant intensity, radiance, irradiance, radiant exitance, or radiosity ).

While radiosity received a lot of attention at its invocation, perfectly diffuse surfaces do not exist in the real world.

Because of this, radiosity is a prime component of leading real-time rendering methods, and has been used from beginning-to-end to create a large number of well-known recent feature-length animated 3D-cartoon films.

* Lightscape, a windows-based real-time radiosity solution acquired in 1997, now incorporated in 3DS Max

Prior to the standardization of rapid radiosity calculation, some graphic artists used a technique referred to loosely as false radiosity by darkening areas of texture maps corresponding to corners, joints and recesses, and applying them via self-illumination or diffuse mapping for scanline rendering.

Even now, advanced radiosity calculations may be reserved for calculating the ambiance of the room, from the light reflecting off walls, floor and ceiling, without examining the contribution that complex objects make to the radiosity — or complex objects may be replaced in the radiosity calculation with simpler objects of similar size and texture.

The equation is monochromatic, so color radiosity rendering requires calculation for each of the required colors.

Following the commercial enthusiasm for radiosity-enhanced imagery, but prior to the standardization of rapid radiosity calculation, many architects and graphic artists used a technique referred to loosely as false radiosity.

These algorithms model diffuse inter-reflection which is a very important part of global illumination ; however most of these ( excluding radiosity ) also model specular reflection, which makes them more accurate algorithms to solve the lighting equation and provide a more realistically illuminated scene.

Capabilities of the software include creating visualizations and animations with realistic lighting ( through the use of radiosity, HDRI and Global Illumination ) and organic modelling using NURBS, subdivision surfaces and metaballs.

* Pre-computed radiosity lighting and dynamic shadow maps.

Discontinuity Meshing was sometimes used especially with radiosity solutions to adaptively improve the resolution of vertex lighting information, however the additional cost in primitive setup for realtime rasterization was generally prohibitive.

A variety of techniques including ambient occlusion, direct lighting with sampled shadow edges, and full radiosity bounce light solutions are typically used.

Lighting algorithms used to simulate lighting sources expanded in scope in 1995, when radiosity rendering was applied to film for the first time in Martin Scorsese ’ s Casino.

The levels were lit through a lightmap method, in which light data for each surface is precalculated ( this time, via a radiosity method ) and stored as an image in the level file, which is then used to determine how much lighting intensity each model should receive, but not its direction.

* vrad: A command-line program that calculates radiosity lighting on a pre-existing BSP file.

This is why a high compression engine requires fuels specially formulated to not self-ignite ( which would cause engine knocking when operated under these conditions of temperature and pressure ), or that a supercharger and intercooler to provide a lower temperature at the same pressure would be advantageous.

* Ark ( search engine ), a people search engine

Whilst heavier armour provides better protection, it makes vehicles less mobile ( for a given engine power ), limits its air-transportability, increases cost, uses more fuel and may limit the places it can go-for example, many bridges may be unable to support the weight of a main battle tank.

* BASE ( search engine ), Bielefeld Academic Search Engine

* Charge ( engine ), the air and / or fuel mixture being fed to an internal combustion engine

Since the surfaces of a wet clutch can be slippery ( as with a motorcycle clutch bathed in engine oil ), stacking multiple clutch discs can compensate for the lower coefficient of friction and so eliminate slippage under power when fully engaged.

Due to engine knocking ( detonation ), the compression ratio in a gasoline or petrol-powered engine will usually not be much higher than 10: 1, although some production automotive engines built for high-performance from 1955 – 1972 had compression ratios as high as 13. 0: 1, which could run safely on the high-octane leaded gasoline then available.

This is like Step 1, except it is odd columns ( 3, 5, 7 ) added to even columns ( 2, 4, 6 ), and column one has its values transferred by a sector gear to the print mechanism on the left end of the engine.

The popularity of Doom led to the development of a sequel, Doom II: Hell on Earth ( 1994 ), as well as expansion packs and alternate versions based on the same game engine, including The Ultimate Doom ( 1995 ), Final Doom ( 1996 ), and Doom 64 ( 1997 ).

This is in contrast to spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine ( gasoline engine ) or gas engine ( using a gaseous fuel as opposed to gasoline ), which uses a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture.

In 1894 and 1895 he filed patents and addenda in various countries for his Diesel engine ; the first patents were issued in Spain ( No. 16, 654 ), France ( No. 243, 531 ) and Belgium ( No. 113, 139 ) in December 1894, and in Germany ( No. 86, 633 ) in 1895 and the United States ( No. 608, 845 ) in 1898.

* 1905: Four diesel engine turbochargers and intercoolers were manufactured by Büchl ( CH ), as well as a scroll-type supercharger from Creux ( F ) company.

The most well-known cars made before World War II, bearing model names F1 through F8 ( F for Front ), had front-wheel drive and a transversely mounted two-cylinder engine.

Although the engine produces just 92 millinewtons ( 0. 331 ounce-force ) thrust at maximum power ( 2, 100W on DS1 ), the craft achieved high speeds because ion engines thrust continuously for long periods.

* Euphoria ( software ), a game animation engine software by NaturalMotion

The fluid is then cooled, compressed and reused ( closed cycle ), or ( less commonly ) dumped, and cool fluid pulled in ( open cycle air engine ).

Exhaust from a spark ignition engine consists of the following: nitrogen 70 to 75 % ( by volume ), water vapor 10 to 12 %, carbon dioxide 10 to 13. 5 %, hydrogen 0. 5 to 2 %, oxygen 0. 2 to 2 %, carbon monoxide: 0. 1 to 6 %, unburnt hydrocarbons and partial oxidation products ( e. g. aldehydes ) 0. 5 to 1 %, nitrogen monoxide 0. 01 to 0. 4 %, nitrous oxide < 100 ppm, sulfur dioxide 15 to 60 ppm, traces of other compounds such as fuel additives and lubricants, also halogen and metallic compounds, and other particles.

The source code to the Duke Nukem 3D v1. 5 executable, which uses the Build engine, was released as free software under the GPL on April 1, 2003.

Silverman had since helped Fowler with a large portion of other engine work, including updating the network code and helping to maintain various other aspects of the engine, but with no updates in nearly four years it is suspected the project may never see another release.

* Morpheus differs significantly and may have completely independent code from the GnucDNA engine.

Starting with their first shareware game series, Commander Keen, Id Software has licensed the core source code for the game, or what is more commonly known as the engine.

Historically, the source code for each engine has been released once the code base is 5 years old.

Consequently, many home grown projects have sprung up porting the code to different platforms, cleaning up the source code, or providing major modifications to the core engine.

The GPL release of the Quake III engine's source code was moved from the end of 2004 to August 2005 as the engine was still being licensed to commercial customers who would otherwise be concerned over the sudden loss in value of their recent investment.

* Apache Jelly, a Java and XML based scripting and processing engine for turning XML into executable code

The most notable change was the main K-Meleon code being updated to accommodate the Gecko 1. 8. 0. x rendering engine, as used in the latest releases of SeaMonkey and Mozilla Firefox.

A technique similar to self-modifying code, function templates, is used to maximize the speed of the dithering engine without using assembler optimization, which is non-portable.

Major search engine robots are more likely to quantify such extant factors as the volume of incoming links from related websites, quantity and quality of content, technical precision of source code, spelling, functional v. broken hyperlinks, volume and consistency of searches and / or viewer traffic, time within website, page views, revisits, click-throughs, technical user-features, uniqueness, redundancy, relevance, advertising revenue yield, freshness, geography, language and other intrinsic characteristics.

The Mozilla Organization rewrote the entire browser's source code based on the Gecko rendering engine ; all future Netscape releases were based on this rewritten code.

QuakeC also suffers from the fact that many built-in functions ( functions prototyped in the QuakeC code but actually defined within the game engine and written in C ) return strings in a temporary string buffer, which can only hold one string at any given time.

In 1999 when id Software released the code from Quake's engine under the GPL, the workings of the bytecode interpreter were examined and new QuakeC compilers were released, such as J. P. Grossman's qccx and a new version of FrikQCC.

With the Quake engine source code now able to be changed, further features were added to QuakeC in the form of new builtin functions.

The shareware distribution of Quake is still freely redistributable and usable with the GPLed engine code.

It was to use the same game engine code as Wolfenstein 3D, and have new levels, art, and characters.

The Nazi swastika is also not present, the German forces use a Wolfenstein logo which is a combination of a stylized double-headed eagle prominent in most Nazi symbolism, a " W " ( standing for Wolfenstein ), and the Quake III: Team Arena " QIII " logo ( the game engine and network code that RTCW is based upon ).

A revision of the p-code engine ( i. e., the p-Machine ) meant a change to the p-code language, and therefore compiled code is not portable between different p-Machine versions.

The different areas of web design include ; web graphic design, interface design, authoring ; including standardised code and proprietary software, user experience design and search engine optimization.