Another veteran telephone operator was Edith Fleming Blackmer, who had been in the office forty years at the time of her death in 1960.

A Sonata For Violin And Piano, called `` Bella Bella '', by Robert Fleming, was given its first United States performance.

He was born in Logierait, Perthshire, Scotland to Alexander Mackenzie Sr. and Mary Stewart Fleming.

After this initial chemotherapeutic compound proved effective, others pursued similar lines of inquiry, but it was not until in 1928 that Alexander Fleming observed antibiosis against bacteria by a fungus of the genus Penicillium.

Fleming postulated the effect was mediated by an antibacterial compound named penicillin, and that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy.

Sir Alexander Fleming, FRSE, FRS, FRCS ( Eng ) ( 6 August 188111 March 1955 ) was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist.

Fleming was born on 6 August 1881 at Lochfield, a farm near Darvel, in Ayrshire, Scotland.

He was the third of the four children of farmer Hugh Fleming ( 1816 – 1888 ) from his second marriage to Grace Stirling Morton ( 1848 – 1928 ), the daughter of a neighbouring farmer.

Fleming served throughout World War I as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps, and was Mentioned in Dispatches.

In an article he submitted for the medical journal The Lancet during World War I, Fleming described an ingenious experiment, which he was able to conduct as a result of his own glass blowing skills, in which he explained why antiseptics were killing more soldiers than infection itself during World War I. Antiseptics worked well on the surface, but deep wounds tended to shelter anaerobic bacteria from the antiseptic agent, and antiseptics seemed to remove beneficial agents produced that protected the patients in these cases at least as well as they removed bacteria, and did nothing to remove the bacteria that were out of reach.

" When I woke up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly didn't plan to revolutionise all medicine by discovering the world's first antibiotic, or bacteria killer ," Fleming would later say, " But I suppose that was exactly what I did.

By 1927, Fleming was investigating the properties of staphylococci.

On returning, Fleming noticed that one culture was contaminated with a fungus, and that the colonies of staphylococci that had immediately surrounded it had been destroyed, whereas other colonies farther away were normal.

Fleming published his discovery in 1929, in the British Journal of Experimental Pathology, but little attention was paid to his article.

Fleming continued his investigations, but found that cultivating penicillium was quite difficult, and that after having grown the mould, it was even more difficult to isolate the antibiotic agent.

Fleming was modest about his part in the development of penicillin, describing his fame as the " Fleming Myth " and he praised Florey and Chain for transforming the laboratory curiosity into a practical drug.

Fleming was the first to discover the properties of the active substance, giving him the privilege of naming it: penicillin.

Fleming was the first to push these studies further by isolating the penicillin, and by being motivated enough to promote his discovery at a larger scale.

Fleming also discovered very early that bacteria developed antibiotic resistance whenever too little penicillin was used or when it was used for too short a period.

The Sir Alexander Fleming Building on the South Kensington campus was opened in 1998 and is now one of the main preclinical teaching sites of the Imperial College School of Medicine.

* Fleming was a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

* Fleming was awarded the Hunterian Professorship by the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

When James I became king in 1603, Fleming was reappointed Solicitor General and was knighted on 23 July 1603.

A further inspiration for M was Maxwell Knight, head of MI5, who signed his memos as " M " and whom Fleming knew well.

According to The Man Who Was M: The Life of Charles Henry Maxwell Knight by Anthony Masters, ISBN 0-631-13392-5, The Link was allegedly resurrected in 1940 by Ian Fleming, then working in the Department of Naval Intelligence, in order to successfully lure Rudolf Hess ( deputy party leader and third in leadership of Germany, after Adolf Hitler and Hermann Göring ) to Britain in May 1941.

Over the years, the festival has hosted such luminaries as Louis Armstrong, Joan Baez, Anita Baker, The Ballet Russe, The Beach Boys, Tony Bennett, George Benson, Luciano Berio, Leonard Bernstein, Lucrezia Bori, Dave Brubeck, Sandip Burman, Montserrat Caballé, Glen Campbell, Pablo Casals, Chicago, Van Cliburn, Joe Cocker, Judy Collins, Barbara Cook, Aaron Copland, Bill Cosby, Elvis Costello, Deep Purple, Placido Domingo, Doobie Brothers, Jackie Evancho, Horacio Gutierrez, Crosby, Stills, & Nash, Dorothy Dandridge, Duran Duran, Bob Dylan, Duke Ellington, Roberta Flack, Ella Fitzgerald, Renée Fleming, Aretha Franklin, George Gershwin, Jose Greco, Buddy Guy, Hall & Oates, Marvin Hamlisch, Herbie Hancock, Isaac Hayes, Jascha Heifetz, John Houseman, Jennifer Hudson, Janis Joplin, The Judds, Gladys Knight, Diana Krall, Chaka Khan, Lyle Lovett, Patti LuPone, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Yo-Yo Ma, Maroon 5, Sarah McLachlan, Idina Menzel, Joni Mitchell, Moody Blues, Willie Nelson, Aaron Neville, Mandy Patinkin, Luciano Pavarotti, Itzhak Perlman, Peter, Paul & Mary, Robert Plant, Bernadette Peters, Oscar Peterson, Bonnie Raitt, David Sanborn, Beverly Sills, Stephen Sondheim, Isaac Stern, Sting, Elaine Stritch, Donna Summer, James Taylor, Carrie Underwood, Sarah Vaughan, Rufus Wainwright, Clara Ward, Orson Welles, Frank Zappa and Denis Matsuev.

Penicillin, the first natural antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928

According to the biography, Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution by Kevin Brown, Alexander Fleming, in a letter to his friend and colleague Andre Gratia, described this as " A wondrous fable.

* In mid-2009, Fleming was commemorated on a new series of banknotes issued by the Clydesdale Bank ; his image appears on the new issue of £ 5 notes.

Albert Pike has often been named as influential in the early Ku Klux Klan, being named in 1905 as " the chief judicial officer " of the Klan by a sympathetic historian of the early Klan, Walter Fleming.

The album, titled Pretty on the Inside, was released in August 1991 on Caroline Records, produced by Gordon and Gumball's Don Fleming.

MIT retaliated in April 2006, when students posing as the Howe & Ser ( Howitzer ) Moving Company stole the 130-year-old, 1. 7-ton Fleming House cannon and moved it over 3000 miles to their campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts for their 2006 Campus Preview Weekend, repeating a similar prank performed by nearby Harvey Mudd College in 1986.

Two English translations of the Various History, by Fleming ( 1576 ) and Stanley ( 1665 ) made Aelian's miscellany available to English readers, but after 1665 no English translation appeared, until three English translations appeared almost simultaneously: James G. DeVoto, Claudius Aelianus: Ποιϰίλης Ἱοτορίας (" Varia Historia ") Chicago, 1995 ; Diane Ostrom Johnson, An English Translation of Claudius Aelianus ' " Varia Historia ", 1997 ; and N. G. Wilson, Aelian: Historical Miscellany in the Loeb Classical Library.

Fleming patented the first true thermionic diode, the Fleming valve, in Britain on November 16, 1904 ( followed by in November 1905 ).

Fenrir ( 1874 ) by A. Fleming

This has been confirmed by Hollywood biographer E. J. Fleming, who has recounted that, during a particularly difficult scene, Gable erupted publicly, screaming: " I can't go on with this picture.

Fleming went on to impress Dwan by quickly fixing both his car and a faulty film camera and by 1916 had worked his way up to the position of cinematographer.

In 1926 Hawks was introduced to Athole Shearer by his friend Victor Fleming, who was dating Athole's sister Norma Shearer at the time.

For example, in 1986, students from Mudd stole a memorial cannon from Fleming House at Caltech ( originally from the National Guard ) by dressing as maintenance people and carting it off on a flatbed truck for " cleaning.

James Bond, code name 007, is a fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short story collections.

In February 1424 the see of York being vacant, the pope conferred it on Fleming ; but the regency council of the young king Henry VI refused to confirm the appointment, and Fleming resigned the appointment in July 1425.

The regent duke Charles ( later king Charles IX ) insulting the corpse of Clas Eriksson Fleming in presence of the Dowager-Governor of Åbo, Ebba Stenbock.

Clas Eriksson Flemming should not be mixed with Claes Larsson Fleming ( 1592 – 1644 ), admiral and advisor to the king, or Claes Fleming ( 1649 – 1685 ), nobleman and politician.