When Napoleon's ship had borne him to Elba, French wines had started to cross the Channel, the first shipments in a dozen war-ridden years, but the supplies had not yet reached rural hostelries where the sweet wines of the Spanish peninsula still ruled.

Although Mr. Brown was not himself its inventor ( it was a French idea ), it is typical that his intuition first conceived the importance of mass producing this basic tool for general use.

So it was that when Mr. Brown and Mr. Sharpe first saw the French tool on exhibition in Paris in 1868, they brought a sample with them to the United States and started Brown & Sharpe in yet another field where it retains its leadership to this day.

Poirot also bears a striking resemblance to A. E. W. Mason's fictional detective — Inspector Hanaud of the French Sûreté — who, first appearing in the 1910 novel At the Villa Rose, predates the writing of the first Poirot novel by six years.

In its origins and its first golden age, no art owes quite as much to state power as French painting does.

In 1806, the French chemists Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin and Pierre Jean Robiquet isolated a compound in asparagus that was subsequently named asparagine, the first amino acid to be discovered.

New History in France: The Triumph of the Annales, ( 1994, first French edition, 1987 ) excerpt and text search

* 1786 – Mont Blanc on the French – Italian border is climbed for the first time by Jacques Balmat and Dr. Michel-Gabriel Paccard.

The question whether there is a limit to the degree of cold possible, and, if so, where the zero must be placed, was first addressed by the French physicist Guillaume Amontons in 1702, in connection with his improvements in the air thermometer.

* 1944 – Alençon is liberated by General Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, the first city in France to be liberated from the Nazis by French forces.

* 1808 – Battle of Vimeiro: British and Portuguese forces led by General Arthur Wellesley defeat French force under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro, Portugal, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the Peninsular War.

Andrew's first mission to the East was when he was asked by the French king Louis IX to go and fetch the Crown of Thorns which had been sold to him by the Latin Emperor of Constantinople Baldwin II in 1238, who was anxious to obtain support for his tottering empire.

From the unexpected realism of his first major figure — inspired by his 1875 trip to Italy — to the unconventional memorials whose commissions he later sought, Rodin's reputation grew, such that he became the preeminent French sculptor of his time.

The series first appeared in French in the magazine Pilote on 29 October 1959.

The first ironclad battleship, with iron armour over a wooden hull, La Gloire, was launched by the French Navy in 1859 ; she prompted the British Royal Navy to build a counter.

He is very popular with women ; when he and his comrades meet three French women, he is the first to seduce one of them.

The first generation of television chefs such as Robert Carrier and Julia Child tended to concentrate on cooking based primarily on European, especially French and Italian, cuisines.

Salieri's first French opera contained scenes of great solemnity and festivity ; yet overshadowing it all was darkness and revenge.

As the political situation threatened and eventually overwhelmed Austria, which was repeatedly crushed by French political forces, Salieri's first and most important biographer Mosel described the emotional effect that this political, social, and cultural upheaval had on the composer.

* 1809 – Two Austrian army corps are driven from Landshut by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France as two French corps to the north hold off the main Austrian army on the first day of the Battle of Eckmühl.

Wind tunnels were key in the development and validation of the laws of aerodynamics. In 1889, Charles Renard, a French aeronautical engineer, became the first person to reasonably predict the power needed for sustained flight.

In June 1836, French newspaper La Presse was the first to include paid advertising in its pages, allowing it to lower its price, extend its readership and increase its profitability and the formula was soon copied by all titles.

Around the same time, in France, Charles-Louis Havas extended the services of his news agency, Havas to include advertisement brokerage, making it the first French group to organize.

He and Widor collaborated on a new edition of Bach's organ works, with detailed analysis of each work in three languages ( English, French, German ).

Originally published in modern Hebrew, with a running commentary to facilitate learning, his Steinzaltz edition of the Talmud has also been translated into English, French, Russian and Spanish.

Metro ( Belgian newspaper ) ( Concentra ) is a major daily free newspaper in a Dutch and French edition.

BRP was also licensed to Oriflam in France to create a French language second edition of the Hawkmoon game called Hawkmoon, Nouvelle Edition.

( translated from French edition of 1941 )

There was a general reduction in the number of cavalry regiments in the British, French, Italian and other Western armies but it was still argued with conviction ( for example in the 1922 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ) that mounted troops had a major role to play in future warfare.

In part, it was conceived in reaction to the French Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d ' Alembert ( published 1751 – 1772 ), which had been inspired by Chambers's Cyclopaedia ( first edition 1728 ).

The initial 15th edition ( 1974 – 1985 ) was faulted for having reduced or eliminated coverage of children's literature, military decorations, and the French poet Joachim du Bellay ; editorial mistakes were also alleged, such as inconsistent sorting of Japanese biographies.

In 1875, a book-length French edition of Edgar Allan Poe's " The Raven " included lithographs by Manet and translation by Mallarmé.

Ragout, a stew still central to French cookery, makes its first appearance as a single dish in this edition as well ; prior to that, it was listed as a garnish.

The French Revolution of 1789 and Its Impact ( 1995 ) online edition

The Oxford English Dictionary ( first edition ) associates it with such onomatopoeic words as flit and flick, emphasizing a lack of seriousness ; on the other hand, it has been attributed to the old French conter fleurette, which means " to ( try to ) seduce " by the dropping of flower petals, that is, " to speak sweet nothings ".

Some scholars, for example A. Rousseau and L. Doutreleau, translators of the French edition ( 1974 ), consider that Irenaeus sometimes uses gnostikos to simply mean " intellectual ", as in 1. 25. 6, 1. 11. 3, 1. 11. 5, whereas his mention of " the intellectual sect " ( Adv.

A French language edition was published by Oriflam under license from Chaosium under the name Les Dieux Nomades in 1994.

In the 1872 Preface to the French edition of Das Kapital Vol.

The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment ( 1994 ) 338 pp online edition

The French Revolution of 1789 and Its Impact ( 1995 ) online edition

* Echard, William E. Historical Dictionary of the French Second Empire, 1852 – 1870 ( 1985 ) online edition

* Lehning, James R .; To Be a Citizen: The Political Culture of the Early French Third Republic ( 2001 ) online edition

* Kolodziej, Edward A. French International Policy under de Gaulle and Pompidou: The Politics of Grandeur ( 1974 ) online edition

* Marie-Pierre Arnaud-Lidet's 1993 edition for the Collection Budé ( includes French translation )

An English translation of the French edition was published as The Confessions of Wanda von Sacher-Masoch ( 1991 ) by RE / Search Publications.

An annotated bilingual edition ( Latin with French translation ), edited by Jean-Marie Beyssade, was published in 1981 ( Paris: PUF ).

He also wrote an introduction to an edition of Frederick Rolfe ( Baron Corvo ) ’ s translation into English of Nicolas ’ s French translation.