As it turned out however, " Gondophares " ( Old Persian: Vindafarna ) was actually a byname of several kings, meaning " May he find glory "; According to modern chronologists, the king most likely referred to by Thomas was Gondophares IV Sases.

Christian records claim that around AD 40 Thomas the Apostle visited India and encountered the Indo-Parthian king Gondophares.

After 20 AD, a king named Sases, a nephew of the Apracaraja ruler Aspavarma, took over Abdagases ’ territories and became Gondophares IV Sases.

Some ancient writing describe the presence of the Indo-Parthians in the area, such as the story of Saint Thomas the Apostle, who was recruited as a carpenter to serve at the court of king " Gudnaphar " ( thought to be Gondophares ) in India.

Gondophares I ( Pashto: Gandapur ) a Seistani representative of the house of Suren as well as founder and first king of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom.

Gondophares I has traditionally been given a later date ; the reign of one king calling himself Gondophares has been established at 20 AD by the rock inscription he set up at Takht-i Bahi ( also known as Takht Bahi ) in 46 AD., and he has also been connected with the third-century Acts of Thomas.

Gondophares I took over the Kabul valley and the Punjab and Sindh region area from the Indo-Scythian king Azes.

Coin of Gondophares ( 20 – 50 AD Common Era | CE ), first king of the Indo-Parthians Obv: Bust of GondopharesRev: Winged Nike ( mythology ) | Nike holding a diadem, and Greek language | Greek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΥΝΔΟΦΕΡΡΟΥ (" of King Gondophares, the Saviour ")

This king has been associated with Gondophares I by many scholars, as it was not yet established that there were several kings with the same name.

Senior shows with some certainty that the king who best fits these references was Gondophares-Sases, the fourth king using the title Gondophares.

* A. E. Medlycott, India and the Apostle Thomas, London 1905: Chapter i: " The Apostle Thomas and Gondophares the Indian king "

Gondophares, the first king of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom, built parts of the city including the double headed eagle stupa and the temple of the sun god.

Abdagases I was an Indo-Parthian king, a nephew of Gondophares evident from some of his coins, who ruled during the first decades of the 1st century AD.

Sodasa reigned during the 1st century CE, and also took the title of Great Satrap, probably in the area of Mathura as well, but apparently under the suzerainty of the Indo-Parthian king Gondophares.

Following the decline of the central Parthian authority after clashes with the Roman Empire, a local Parthian leader, Gondophares established the Indo-Parthian Kingdom in the 1st century CE.

The Indo-Parthian Kingdom was founded by Gondophares around 20 BCE when he declared his Independence from the Parthians.

These kings have traditionally been referred to as Indo-Parthians, as their coinage was often inspired by the Arsacid dynasty, but they probably belonged to a wider groups of Iranian tribes who lived east of Parthia proper, and there is no evidence that all the kings who assumed the title Gondophares, which means ” Holder of Glory ”, were even related.

Portrait of Gondophares, founder of the Indo-Parthian kingdom.

Gondophares I originally seems to have been a ruler of Seistan in eastern Iran, probably a vassal or relative of the Apracarajas.

Gondophares became the ruler of areas comprising Arachosia, Seistan, Sindh, Punjab, and the Kabul valley, but it does not seem as though he held territory beyond eastern Punjab.

Gondophares called himself " King of Kings ", a Parthian title that in his case correctly reflects that the Indo-Parthian empire was only a loose framework: a number of smaller dynasts certainly maintained their positions during the Indo-Parthian period, likely in exchange for their recognition of Gondophares and his successors.

The Ksaharatas also held sway in Gujerat, perhaps just outside Gondophares ' dominions.

After the death of Gondophares I, the empire started to fragment.

The name or title Gondophares was adapted by Sarpedones, who become Gondophares II and was possibly son of the first Gondophares.

The most important successor was Abdagases, Gondophares ’ nephew, who ruled in Punjab and possibly in the homeland of Seistan.

After a short reign, Sarpedones seems to have been succeeded by Orthagnes, who became Gondophares III Gadana.

According to Senior, this is the Gondophares referred to in the Takht-i-Bahi inscription.

But the Indo-Parthians never regained the position of Gondophares I, and from the middle of the 1st century AD the Kushans under Kujula Kadphises began absorbing the northern Indian part of the kingdom.

As Senior points out, this Gudnaphar has usually been identified with the first Gondophares, who has thus been dated after the advent of Christianity, but there is no evidence for this assumption, and Senior ’ s research shows that Gondophares I could be dated even before 1 AD.

Demoted from his position as all-father, or king of the gods, Odin becomes a great sorcerer in the Ynglinga Saga.

This is supported in the Haggada when " Benmelech " son of Abimelech changes his name to Abimelech when he becomes king.

Victorious, Beowulf goes home to Geatland in Sweden and later becomes king of the Geats.

A 1908 depiction of Beowulf fighting the dragon by J. R. Skelton. Beowulf returns home and eventually becomes king of his own people.

* 484 – Alaric II succeeds his father Euric and becomes king of the Visigoths.

In the north, Saul's son Ish-Bosheth becomes king of the tribes of Israel.

And so the plans of Adonijah collapse, and Solomon becomes king.

To him was assigned the control of the watery element, and in this capacity he becomes the shar apsi ; i. e. king of the Apsu or " the deep ".

In the two Henry IV plays, he is a companion to Prince Hal, the future King Henry V. A fat, vain, boastful, and cowardly knight, Falstaff leads the apparently wayward Prince Hal into trouble, and is ultimately repudiated after Hal becomes king.

For example, these are all elements he includes in “ Hop-Frog .” The title character, a dwarf taken from his homeland, becomes the jester of a king particularly fond of practical jokes.

* 1320 – Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes king of Poland.

In the pen of Jordanes, Herodotus ' Getian demi-god Zalmoxis becomes a king of the Goths ( 39 ).

In both the earliest materials and Geoffrey he is a great and ferocious warrior, who laughs as he personally slaughters witches and giants and takes a leading role in all military campaigns, whereas in the continental romances he becomes the roi fainéant, the " do-nothing king ", whose " inactivity and acquiescence constituted a central flaw in his otherwise ideal society ".

* 1917 – Alexander I becomes king of Greece.

* 1770 – 14-year old Marie Antoinette marries 15-year-old Louis-Auguste who later becomes king of France.

* 1884 – Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo becomes the king of the Zulu Nation.

* 1282 – The people of Sicily rebel against the Angevin king Charles I, in what becomes known as the Sicilian Vespers.

He becomes king of this Nephite colony.

King Noah's son Limhi rules, but becomes a tributary monarch to the king of the Lamanites.

* 1180 – Phillip II becomes king of France.

* 959 – Edgar the Peaceable becomes king of all England.

* 1422 – Charles VII of France becomes king in succession to his father Charles VI of France.

By the end of the 5th dynasty, the formula in all tombs becomes " An offering the king gives and Osiris ".

Mosiah, the king dies and his son, Benjamin, becomes king.